Abstract: Size and structure of microspheres have important effects on applications, and how to control size and structure precisely is a challenge to process engineering. A new process, membrane emulsification process, was developed to prepare uniform emulsion and microspheres, and the mechanism of the formation of uniform droplets was investigated. Uniform microspheres were successfully obtained from oil/water, water/oil, and water/oil/water emulsion systems. By developing quantitative analysis method for structure evolution, the pore size control became easier. In order to meet new requirement in biochemical engineering, new processes were developed to prepare gigaporous microspheres with pore size controllable between 100 nm and microns. By utilizing uniform size and different structure of microspheres, their effects on applications were studied. With microspheres used as separation media, uniform size improved the separation resolution of proteins, and gigaporous microsphere allowed super-macromolecules to diffuse into the inside of microsphere, resulting in higher purification recovery. The size showed apparent effect on microsphere distribution in gastrointestinal tract, and hollow-porous microsphere reduced blood glucose level significantly, with microspheres used as oral drug carrier.

Key words: microsphere, uniform size, structure control, process control, membrane, separation, medium, drug carrier

摘要： 微球材料的粒径均一性和结构可控性直接影响其应用效果，这对过程工程提出了挑战。在发展微孔膜乳化过程制备均一乳液和微球的基础上，对均一乳液的形成机理进行了研究，通过对液滴形成过程的控制，在油/水、水/油、水/油/水等体系成功制备出了均一微球。通过发展微球结构演变过程的定量研究方法，成功对微球结构进行了调控；针对生化工程对超大孔微球的重要需求，发展了超大孔微球制备方法，实现了孔径在100 nm到微米级的调控。研究了粒径均一性和结构对其应用效果的影响。微球应用于生物分离介质时，粒径均一性提高了蛋白质的分离度；超大孔微球可使超大生物分子快速进入介质内部，显著提高纯化回收率。微球应用于胰岛素口服药物载体时，粒径对其在消化道的分布有显著影响，中空-多孔微球显示了最佳的降血糖效果。

关键词: 微球, 尺寸均一, 结构控制, 过程控制, 膜, 分离, 介质, 药物载体