Abstract: Sub/supercritical water has unique physical and chemical properties，such as higher solubility，rapid diffusion and efficiency of C—C cleavage，making its use an effective way of liquefaction of organics to produce fuel. In this work SCW liquefaction of several typical organics，such as cellulose，lignin，algae，coal，and polymer was analyzed and the products from those processes were summarized. Additionally，the mechanisms of SCW liquefaction were clarified and key reactions（hydrolysis，prolapse heteroatom and polycondensation）were presented. For further understanding of fuel product upgrading，deoxygenating and hydrogenating technologies，the mechanisms and features of homogeneous catalyst，such as H3PO4，K2CO3，KOH and heterogeneous catalysts，such as Ni，Mo，Pt were also analyzed and summarized. Finally，the shortcomings，such low quality and presence of hetero elements of the current SCW liquefaction technology and the means for upgrading were presented. The bottlenecks and strategies of scale-up were proposed，providing a basis for future application.

Key words: sub/supercritical water, liquefaction, organics, catalytic upgrading

摘要： 亚/超临界水具有独特理化特性，如能高效溶解、快速传质及有效打断高分子碳链，使得亚/超临界水液化成为有机质制油的高效手段。本文总结了典型有机质如纤维素、木质素、藻类、煤及聚合物亚/超临界水液化的过程，概述了其亚/超临界水液化特点及产物油特征，并阐明了液化过程机理，总结了裂解/热解反应、杂原子脱出反应、缩聚反应等关键反应；针对液化油升级及脱除杂质技术，总结了均相催化剂如H3PO4、K2CO3、KOH等的催化特点及机理，分析了非均相催化剂如Ni、Mo、Pt等提高油品质的催化技术特点及目前对杂元素氧、氮、硫等脱氧脱除技术研究概况。最后对亚/超临界水液化初油存在品质不高、含多种杂原子等问题及如何提高初油、脱除杂原子技术研究进行了总结，并展望了工业放大过程中的瓶颈与策略，为未来工业运用提供基础。

关键词: 亚/超临界水, 液化, 有机质, 催化升级