Recent advances in high value added reuse of waste polystyrene in environment and energy

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200051

Abstract

Abstract:

Polystyrene is an important part of the plastic material family. It has a series of advantages such as light mass, heat insulation, waterproof, and cheap. Landfill and incineration are the two main ways to dispose the waste plastic, but they will inevitably cause environment damage and the waste of fossil resource. As the rapid advancement of chemistry and material science, high value added reuse waste PS has gained vast attention. In this paper we mainly focus on the recent advances in the application of waste PS in the fields of environment protection and energy issues. The main content of this paper can be divided into the following three parts in terms of high value added manner and the desired product: converting waste PS into functional materials via a physical or chemical approach; fabrication porous carbon materials or modular materials from waste PS; high temperature pyrolysis of waste PS into small organic molecules.

Key words: waste polystyrene, porous media, catalyst, waste treatment, energy storage materials, adsorption

摘要：

聚苯乙烯是塑料材料家族中的重要组成部分，它具有质轻、隔热、防水、廉价等一系列优点。由于它的化学稳定性优异，自然界很难将其直接降解，通常采用填埋或焚烧进行处理，不仅对环境造成了严重的污染，同时也是资源的严重浪费。近年来，由于化学及材料科学快速发展，针对废弃聚苯乙烯回收及高值化研究已经得到广泛关注。本文从环境和能源角度详细综述了近年来废弃聚苯乙烯高值化应用的研究进展，从废弃聚苯乙烯的高值化方式和产物出发分为以下三个主要部分：通过物理或化学手段将废弃聚苯乙烯塑料转化为高分子功能材料；作为模板剂或碳源制备多孔碳材料；将废弃聚苯乙烯塑料裂解为小分子有机物。

关键词: 废弃聚苯乙烯, 多孔介质, 催化剂, 污染物处理, 储能材料载体, 吸附

CLC Number:

TQ 319

Changhui LIU,Wenbo HUANG,Yanlong GU,Zhonghao RAO. Recent advances in high value added reuse of waste polystyrene in environment and energy[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(7): 2956-2972.

刘昌会,黄文博,顾彦龙,饶中浩. 废弃聚苯乙烯塑料在环境与能源中的高值化应用进展[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(7): 2956-2972.

Figures/Tables 12

Fig.1 An acid catalyst from polystyrene waste for reactions of interest in biomass valorization[36](a) schematic illustration of preparation process; (b) utilized into biomass valorization

Fig.2 Transform waste expanded polystyrene foam into hyper-crosslinked polymers for carbon dioxide capture and separation[44]

Fig.3 Conversion of post-consumer waste polystyrene into a high value adsorbent and its sorptive properties for congo red removal[46](a) synthetic pathway; (b) N2 adsorption and the corresponding Horvath-Kawazoe pore size distributions

Fig.4 Use of waste polystyrene in thermal energy storage[57](a) chemical conversion involved in the preparation of waste polystyrene based thermal energy storage materials; (b) schematic illustration for preparation process; (c) scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the obtained material; (d) differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) curve of phase change materials composite

Fig.5 Hollow spherical sludge chars (HSCs) prepared from sewage sludge and polystyrene foam wastes[63](a) schematic illustration of the preparation process; (b) digital images of samples with different shell thickness; (c) adsorption kinetics of methylene blue onto HSCs under the different conditions; (d) reuse performance of HSCs

Fig.6 From polystyrene waste to porous carbon flake and potential application in supercapacitors[65](a) schematic illustration for preparation process; (b) cyclic voltammetry (CV) and (c) galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) curves of PCF-MnO2; (d) specific capacities of PCF-MnO2 at different current densities; (e) cycling stability of PCF-MnO2 at 10 A/g

Fig.7 Recycling of waste polystyrene into hierarchical porous carbon nanosheets and potential application in supercapacitors[66](a) schematic illustration for preparation process; (b) CV curves of ACNS-800 tested at 5—200 mV/s; (c) GCD curves of ACNS-800 tested at 0.5-20 A/g; (d) charge-discharge rate performance of ACNS-800; (e) cycling performance at 10 A/g (inset: comparison of the first and the last charging-discharging cycle in cyclic stability test)

Fig.8 Porous carbon derived from waste polystyrene by hypercrosslinking and application in supercapacitor[67](a) schematic illustration for preparation process; (b) CV curves of porous carbon at 5—100 mV/s; (c) GCD curves of porous carbon at 1—20 A/g; (d) the specific capacitance of porous carbon electrode with different current density and comparison with other carbon materials; (e) Nyquist plot of porous carbon

Fig.9 Transforming waste polystyrene cups into negative electrode materials for sodium ion batteries[68](a) schematic illustration for preparation process; (b) electro-chemical performance of the obtained materials

Fig.10 Conversion of mixed plastics into porous carbon nanosheets with high performances in uptake of carbon dioxide and storage of hydrogen[75](a) schematic illustration for preparation process; (b) carbon dioxide and (c) hydrogen adsorption isotherms

Fig.11 Vacuum-gasification-condensation of waste toner to produce industrial chemicals and nanomaterials[85](a) schematic illustration for preparation process; (b) pyrolysis route of polystyrene and polyacrylate

Fig.12 Drop-in biofuels from co-pyrolysis of grape seeds and polystyrene[86](a) fixed-bed reactor scheme used for determining co-pyrolysis performance; (b) simplified reaction mechanism proposed for the co-pyrolysis of grape seeds and polystyrene

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