CIESC Journal ›› 2025, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (2): 519-531.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20240806
• Reviews and monographs • Previous Articles Next Articles
Xiaohang ZHONG1(), Wei XU2, Wen ZHANG1, Li XU1, Yuxin WANG1(
)
Received:
2024-07-17
Revised:
2024-09-09
Online:
2025-03-10
Published:
2025-02-25
Contact:
Yuxin WANG
通讯作者:
王宇新
作者简介:
钟晓航(1999—),女,硕士研究生,zhongxiaohang@tju.edu.cn
CLC Number:
Xiaohang ZHONG, Wei XU, Wen ZHANG, Li XU, Yuxin WANG. A critical review on the effects of Fe impurity on H2 production via alkaline water electrolysis[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(2): 519-531.
钟晓航, 许卫, 张文, 许莉, 王宇新. 碱性水电解制氢中铁杂质的影响研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(2): 519-531.
Fig.2 (a) Fe content of Ni(OH)2 films versus days of aging in unpurified 1 mol/L KOH;(b) Overpotentials and Tafel slopes of Ni(OH)2 films in Fe-free and unpurified 1 mol/L KOH at 10 mA/cm2[46]
Fig.3 OER turnover frequency of Ni1-z M z O x H y films at 400 mV overpotential at cycle 5 and cycle 50 in Fe-free 1 mol/L KOH; Values reported are the average, and error bars are the standard deviation of three samples; The error bars of Ni0.9Fe0.1O x H y are small and not visible on this scale; TOFtm are calculated assuming all metal cations are active (and thus are lower limits)[53]
Fig.4 Linear sweep voltammograms: (a) variations of OER performance of NF-NiOOH electrodes after CP conditioning in purified 1 mol/L KOH electrolyte spiked with transition metal cations (100 μg/L M n+); (b) Influence of the Fe3+ concentration on the electrochemical performance of NF-NiOOH electrodes[55]
Fig.5 Measured OER activity of mixed Ni-Fe catalysts as a function of Fe content in 0.1 mol/L KOH; For 0% Fe, measurements were performed in electrolyte which was carefully purified to remove any Fe contamination; Top: a schematic illustrating the influence of Fe content on the competing formation of highly active Fe sites in γ-NiOOH and of phase-separated low-activity γ-FeOOH[56]
Fig.6 Activity-stability trend of Fe-M hydr(oxy)oxides and observation of dynamic Fe exchange by isotopic labelling experiments: summary of the results of the activity-stability study of Fe-M hydr(oxy)oxides during chronoamperometry experiments at 1.7 V for 1 h in ‘Fe-free’ purified KOH (a) and in a KOH solution containing 0.1 mg/L Fe (d); the total amount of Fe in the Fe-NiO x H y electrode [(b),(e)] and OER activity [(c),(f)] during chronoamperometry measurements at 1.7 V; the schematic diagram in (c) depicts the dissolution process; similar chronoamperometry experiments performed in electrolyte containing 0.1 mg/L 57Fe[(e),(f)] reveal Fe dynamic exchange (dissolution and redeposition) at the interface during OER catalysis; the schematic diagram in (f) depicts both the Fe dissolution and redeposition processes[26]
Fig.7 Mechanism for reversible phase segregation: at the OER potential, the dissolution of Fe and site-selective redeposition of Fe lead to phase segregation, whereas at the reduction state, the redistribution of metal cations and homogeneous Fe redeposition alleviate the phase segregation[59]
Fig.9 (a)Change of OER onset potential with Ni/Fe molar ratio in KOH solution; (b)Schematic of electrode degradation and recovery potential ranges[62]
Fig.10 (a) CA measurements of NiOOH at 1.55 V (vs. RHE), after starting the measurement in purified Fe-free 1 mol/L KOH electrolyte, aqueous Fe(NO3)3 was added to a concentration of 0.1 mg/L; (b) CV test after peak Fe doping in (a)[58]
Fig.11 Variation of the cathode potential with time during the course of the HER from 33%(mass) NaOH at 90℃ and 3 kA/m2 in the presence of 10 mg/L Fe; The dashed line represents the reversible potential[63]
Fig.12 Nickel cathode potential behavior with time under galvanostatic control of 250 mA/cm2 in 30%(mass) KOH at 37℃ ( for 0.03 mg/L dissolved iron; for 3.0 mg/L dissolved iron)[64]
Fig.13 (a) Cathode polarization potentials during longer term experiments; (b) Hydrogen permeation currents during longer term experiments; T = 70℃, charging current = 100 mA/cm2, 100 s averaged currents from three replicate experiments for bare Ni and Ni with Fe coating[67]
Fig.14 I-V curves for internal resistance corrected HER potential (a) and Tafel plots (b) for HER at 91℃ for Fe electrolyte concentrations of 6, 20, 40, and 357 μmol/L; Note that for the Tafel plots the logarithmic value of the current density was used in A/cm2; Data are represented as mean ± standard deviations[68]
Fig.15 Schematic diagram of the formation of corrosion products at/under hydrogen bubble and their reduction to metal upon detachment of the bubble[69]
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