热力耦合下TC4合金微动磨损行为影响的研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20211559

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究TC4合金在300℃和500℃下的微动磨损行为，利用扫描电子显微镜和激光共聚焦显微镜分别表征表面磨痕形貌、磨损体积和磨痕轮廓，探究两种温度中TC4合金不同接触载荷作用下的微动磨损机制。结果表明：磨损体积与接触载荷呈现正相关的关系，而摩擦系数和磨损率则呈现负相关的关系。两种温度下的无润滑微动摩擦磨损过程中，小载荷作用时磨损形式表现为氧化磨损和磨粒磨损；大载荷作用时磨损形式为氧化磨损和黏着磨损。与300℃相比，500℃时合金接触表面塑性变形严重，摩擦系数小，氧化磨损加剧，疲劳裂纹扩展严重。TC4合金高温环境中微动磨损机制为黏着磨损、磨粒磨损、氧化磨损和疲劳磨损，其中氧化磨损在TC4合金高温微动磨损中占据主导地位。

关键词: TC4合金, 微动磨损, 环境, 氧化, 热力耦合, 磨损机理

Abstract:

Fretting wear behavior of TC4 alloy was studied under various contact loads at 300℃ and 500℃. Surface wear track morphology, wear volume and wear track profile were characterized by scanning electron microscope and laser confocal microscope to explore the fretting wear mechanism of TC4 alloy under different contact loads in the two temperatures. The results showed that the wear volume and the contact load present a positive correlation, while the friction coefficient and the wear rate present a negative correlation. In the process of lubrication fretting wear at two temperatures, the form of wear is oxidative wear and abrasive wear under the small load and oxidative wear and adhesive wear under the large load. Compared with 300℃, the surface exhibits larger plastic deformation, less friction coefficient, more intensifying oxidative wear and more extending fatigue cracks at 500℃. The fretting wear mechanism of TC4 alloy in high temperature environment involves adhesive wear, abrasive wear, oxidative wear and fatigue wear, in which the dominant function is oxidative wear.

Key words: TC4 alloy, fretting wear, environment, oxidation, thermodynamics coupling, attrition mechanism

中图分类号:

TG 146.2

宋伟, 李万佳, 俞树荣, 马荣荣. 热力耦合下TC4合金微动磨损行为影响的研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(3): 1324-1334.

Wei SONG, Wanjia LI, Shurong YU, Rongrong MA. Effect of thermal mechanical coupling on fretting wear behavior of TC4 alloy[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(3): 1324-1334.

图/表 13

图1 微动磨损试验机工作原理示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of working principle of fretting wear tester

图2 TC4合金微观组织形貌

Fig.2 Microstructure and morphology of TC4

表1 TC4合金、GCr15轴承钢的主要化学成分

Table 1 Chemical composition of TC4 and GCr15

样品	化学成分/%（质量）
TC4	Al	V	O	Fe	N	Ti
TC4	6.5	4.3	0.08	0.06	0.01	Bal.
GCr15	Cr	C	Mn	Si	Mo	Fe
GCr15	1.6	1.0	0.3	0.3	0.08	Bal.

表2 TC4合金、GCr15轴承钢主要力学性能

Table 2 Main mechanical properties of TC4 and GCr15

Materials	R_p/MPa	R_m/MPa	HRC	E/GPa
TC4	≥825	≥895	30	110
GCr15	1700	2000	68	210

图3 TC4合金在300℃和500℃下摩擦系数随时间的变化和平均摩擦系数随着载荷的变化

Fig.3 Changes of coefficient friction with time and changes of average friction coefficient with load of TC4 alloy at 300℃ and 500℃

图4 TC4合金在300℃和500℃下不同法向载荷作用下的Ft-D-N变化曲线

Fig.4 Ft-D-N curves of TC4 alloy under different normal loads at 300℃ and 500℃

图5 不同条件下TC4合金摩擦耗散能曲线

Fig.5 Friction dissipation energy curves of TC4 alloy under different conditions

图6 TC4合金在不同温度中接触载荷作用下的微动磨损性能

Fig.6 Effects of contact loads on the wear performance of TC4 alloys at different temperatures

图7 TC4合金在300℃和500℃环境下的磨痕三维形貌和二维轮廓曲线

Fig.7 Three-dimensional shape and two-dimensional contour curve of the TC4 alloy at 300℃ and 500℃

图8 300℃和500℃下TC4合金在不同条件下的表面微观形貌

Fig.8 The microscopic appearance of the TC4 alloy surface under different conditions at 300 and 500℃(a)~(c): Fn =50 N, 300℃; (d)~(f): Fn=50 N, 500℃; (g)~(i): Fn =100 N, 500℃

图9 300℃和500℃下TC4合金在微动磨损剖面微观形貌

Fig.9 Micro morphology of TC4 alloy under fretting wear profile at 300℃ and 500℃

图10 接触载荷作用下TC4合金微动磨损接触状态及损伤演化示意图

Fig.10 Schematic diagram of fretting wear contact state and damage evolution of TC4 alloy under contact load

图11 TC4合金表面EDS分析及不同温度下磨坑X射线衍射结果

Fig.11 EDS analysis of surface of TC4 alloy and X-ray diffraction results of the grinding pit under different conditions

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