微乳液法用于落地原油应急处理及资源回收的研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190274

化工学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 70 ›› Issue (7): 2699-2707.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20190274

微乳液法用于落地原油应急处理及资源回收的研究

王龙¹(),刘会娥¹(),刘宇童¹,于云飞¹,陈爽¹,于文赫^2,³,张秀霞¹

1. 中国石油大学重质油国家重点实验室，山东青岛 266580
2. 石油石化污染物控制与处理国家重点实验室，北京 102206
3. 中国石油安全环保技术研究院，北京 102206

收稿日期:2019-03-22 修回日期:2019-04-12 出版日期:2019-07-05 发布日期:2019-07-05
通讯作者: 刘会娥
作者简介:王龙（1991—），男，硕士研究生，<email>1154564639@qq.com</email>
基金资助:
中国石油科技创新基金项目(2017D-5007-0601);山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2017MB015);重质油国家重点实验室资助项目(SLKZZ-2017002)

Emergency treatment of crude oil contaminated soil and resource recovery using microemulsion

Long WANG¹(),Hui e LIU¹(),Yutong LIU¹,Yunfei YU¹,Shuang CHEN¹,Wenhe YU^2,³,Xiuxia ZHANG¹

1. State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, Shandong, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, Beijing 102206, China
3. CNPC Research Institute of Safety and Environmental Technology, Beijing 102206, China

Received:2019-03-22 Revised:2019-04-12 Online:2019-07-05 Published:2019-07-05
Contact: Hui e LIU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以十二烷基苯磺酸钠（SDBS）为表面活性剂配制微乳液对落地原油污染土壤进行应急处理及回收原油模拟实验。将原始与回收的原油、土壤进行对比发现：回收土壤的pH略高且大致呈中性，Zeta电位更小，黏粒体积分数减小，微乳液处理对土壤的理化性质影响较小；回收原油中饱和分含量升高，芳香分、胶质和沥青质含量降低，密度与黏度都降低，表明回收所得的是轻质原油。分析了SDBS、正丁醇、NaCl添加量及油水比对原油脱除率的影响，并对筛选出的3种配方微乳液进行温度、循环利用和放大实验检验原油脱除效果的稳定性，最终确定w(SDBS)=10%、w(n-butanol)=4.8%、w(NaCl)=0.8%、w(diesel)=12.8%的微乳液为处理落地原油的最优配方。

关键词: 石油, 表面活性剂, 微乳液, 土壤, 脱除率

Abstract:

Sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS) was used as a surfactant to prepare microemulsion for emergency treatment of crude oil contaminated soil and recovery of crude oil. Comparison between the original and the recovered crude oil and soil samples was done. It is found that the pH of the recovered soil is slightly higher, the Zeta potential is smaller, the volume fraction of clay reduced, indicating that the microemulsion treatment has little influence on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The recovered crude oil has higher saturation fraction, lower aromatic, resin and asphaltene content, lower density and viscosity, and belongs to light crude oil. The effects of SDBS, n-butanol and NaCl contents on de-oiling effect were investigated. Experiments on effects of oil/water ratio, temperature, recycling and scaling-up were carried out by using the selected three types of microemulsions formula. The optimal microemulsion formula for the de-oiling of crude oil contaminated soil is w(SDBS)=10%, w(n-butanol)=4.8%, w(NaCl)=0.8%, w(diesel)=12.8% .

Key words: petroleum, surfactants, microemulsion, soil, de-oiling rate

中图分类号:

TE 99

王龙, 刘会娥, 刘宇童, 于云飞, 陈爽, 于文赫, 张秀霞. 微乳液法用于落地原油应急处理及资源回收的研究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(7): 2699-2707.

Long WANG, Hui e LIU, Yutong LIU, Yunfei YU, Shuang CHEN, Wenhe YU, Xiuxia ZHANG. Emergency treatment of crude oil contaminated soil and resource recovery using microemulsion[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(7): 2699-2707.

图/表 14

表1 微乳液配比

Table 1 Microemulsion formula

配方	w(SDBS)/%	w(n-butanol)/%	w(NaCl)/%	w(diesel)/%
a	10	4.8	0.8	12.8
b	10	1.6	0.8	12.8
c	10	4.8	1.2	12.8

表2 土壤理化性质数据

Table 2 Physicochemical property data of soil

土壤	密度/(g/cm³)	容重/(g/cm³)	孔隙度/%	pH	Zeta电位/mV	有机质/%	占比/%
土壤	密度/(g/cm³)	容重/(g/cm³)	孔隙度/%	pH	Zeta电位/mV	有机质/%	<0.002 mm	0.002~0.05 mm	0.05~2 mm
原始未污染土壤	2765.46	1475.61	47	6.59	-24.3	1.68	0.98	8.58	90.44
回收土壤	2857.14	1534.68	46	7.39	-41.0	4.23	0.34	6.25	93.41

图1 原始土壤与回收土壤的粒径分布对比

Fig.1 Comparison of particle size distribution between original soil and recovered soil

表3 原油理化性质数据

Table 3 Data of physical and chemical properties of crude oil

油样	密度(20℃)/(g/cm³)	饱和分/%(质量)	芳香分/%(质量)	胶质/%(质量)	沥青质/%(质量)	黏度(40℃)/(mPa·s)
原始油样	0.8642	74.74	12.73	12.02	0.49	17.14
回收油样	0.8338	85.68	8.20	5.92	0.19	14.58

图2 SDBS含量对不同含油率含油土壤脱除原油效果对比

Fig.2 Comparison of de-oil effects for oily soils with different oil contents using microemulsions with different SDBS content

图3 不同NaCl含量微乳液处理石油污染土壤时的实验现象

Fig.3 Phenomenon for treating of oil contaminated soil using microemulsions with different NaCl content

图4 NaCl含量对微乳液脱除原油效果的影响

Fig.4 Infuence of NaCl content in microemulsion on de-oiling effect

图5 不同醇含量微乳液处理石油污染土壤时的实验现象

Fig.5 Phenomenon for treating of oil contaminated soil using microemulsions with different content of n-butanol

图6 正丁醇用量对原油脱除效果的影响

Fig.6 Influence of n-butanol content in microemulsion on de-oiling effect

图7 Winsor Ⅰ型微乳液微乳相中正丁醇含量

Fig.7 Content of n-butanol in Winsor I microemulsion phase

图8 油水比对微乳液脱除原油效果的影响

Fig.8 Infuence of oil/water ratio in microemulsion on de-oiling effect

图9 温度对微乳液脱除原油效果的影响

Fig.9 Influence of temperature on microemulsionde-oiling effect

图10 循环次数对微乳液脱除原油效果的影响

Fig.10 Effect of cycle times on recovery of crude oil by microemulsion

图11 放大倍数对微乳液脱除原油效果的影响

Fig.11 Influence of scaling-up on microemulsion de-oiling effect

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微乳液法用于落地原油应急处理及资源回收的研究

Emergency treatment of crude oil contaminated soil and resource recovery using microemulsion

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