反硝化聚磷菌的培养富集及处理生活污水的稳定运行

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190708

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

在厌氧-好氧交替运行的序批式反应器（sequencing batch reactor, SBR）中，以C/P比大于50的实际生活污水为进水，成功驯化富集聚磷菌，平均厌氧释磷量为15 mg·L^-1，出水 $P O 4 3 -$ -P浓度稳定小于0.5 mg·L^-1。在系统运行的第74 d调整运行模式为厌氧-缺氧-好氧，在缺氧开始时短期投加 $N O 3 -$ -N配水以驯化培养反硝化聚磷菌。保持系统内 $N O 3 -$ -N浓度不变，在进水COD浓度为250 mg·L^-1时，反硝化除磷效果最佳，平均反硝化除磷量占除磷量的比为87.1%。不同pH下反硝化除磷速率的小试证明，在pH=7.0时得到最大的比吸磷速率2.1 mg P·(g VSS·h)^-1。此时调整 $N O 3 -$ -N进水为另一个全程硝化反应器的出水，并加大排水比增加缺氧初的进水量使得反应器内缺氧时的pH接近7.0，与未改变pH时对比表明前者在缺氧段反硝化除磷速率加快。反应器共运行160 d，稳定完成COD的去除与反硝化除磷过程。

关键词: 反硝化聚磷菌, 厌氧, 缺氧, 曝气, 富集

Abstract:

Phosphate accumulating organisms (PAOs) has been enriched successfully in an anaerobic-aerobic sequencing batch reactor (AO-SBR) with the influent of the domestic sewage with C/P ratio greater than 50.The average anaerobic phosphorus release amount was 15 mg·L^-1. The concentration of effluent $P O 4 3 -$ -P was less than 0.5 mg·L^-1. On the 74 th day, the operation mode was adjusted to anaerobic-anoxic-aerobic, and $N O 3 -$ -N was added at the beginning of anoxic zone to enrich the denitrifying phosphorus accumulating bacteria(DPB). The best efficiency of denitrifying phosphorus removal performance were acquired when the influent COD concentration was 250 mg·L^-1 and the $N O 3 -$ -N concentration was constant in the system. Meanwhile the ratio of average denitrifying phosphorus removal to phosphorus removal was 87.1%. Anoxic pH effect tests showed that the rate of denitrifying phosphorus removal is related to the pH value, DPB preferred higher pH for phosphorus removal, and the maximum specific phosphorus removal rate of 2.1 mg P·(g VSS·h)^-1 is obtained at pH=7.0. In the subsequent experiments, $N O 3 -$ -N was supplied from the effluent reactor and drainage ratio was increased. These methods ensured that the pH of the anaerobic reactor was closed to 7.0. The comparison with the unadjusted stage showed that the rate of denitrifying phosphorus removal increased. The reactor was operated for 160 days, and the COD removal and denitrifying phosphorus removal process were stably completed.

Key words: denitrifying phosphate-removal bacteria(DPB), anaerobic, anoxic, aeration, enrichment

中图分类号:

X 703.1

王琦, 赵骥, 但琼鹏, 李夕耀, 张琼, 彭永臻. 反硝化聚磷菌的培养富集及处理生活污水的稳定运行[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(12): 4828-4834.

Qi WANG, Ji ZHAO, Qiongpeng DAN, Xiyao LI, Qiong ZHANG, Yongzhen PENG. Cultivation and enrichment of denitrifying phosphorus removal system for treating domestic sewage[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(12): 4828-4834.

图/表 8

图1 反硝化除磷试验装置1—除磷反应器；2—搅拌器；3—WTW pH/Oxi 3420；4—曝气泵；5—蠕动泵；6—进水箱；7—排水箱

Fig.1 Denitrifying phosphorus removal experimental device

表1 各阶段运行方式

Table 1 Operation mode

阶段	运行模式	时间/h	排水比	厌氧段进水量/L	$N O 3 -$ -N来源
阶段Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ	A/O	2/2	0.4	4	—
阶段Ⅳ	A/A/O	2/2/1	0.4	3.5	NaNO₃配制
阶段Ⅴ	A/A/O	2/2.5/0.5	0.4	3.5	NaNO₃配制
阶段Ⅵ	A/A/O	2/2.5/0.5	0.6	3.5	全程硝化反应器

表1 各阶段运行方式

Table 1 Operation mode

阶段	运行模式	时间/h	排水比	厌氧段进水量/L	$N O 3 -$ -N来源
阶段Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ	A/O	2/2	0.4	4	—
阶段Ⅳ	A/A/O	2/2/1	0.4	3.5	NaNO₃配制
阶段Ⅴ	A/A/O	2/2.5/0.5	0.4	3.5	NaNO₃配制
阶段Ⅵ	A/A/O	2/2.5/0.5	0.6	3.5	全程硝化反应器

图2 PAOs富集过程中PO43--P、COD浓度的变化以及去除率

Fig.2 Concentration & removal rate of COD (a) and PO43--P (b)

图3 阶段Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ的PO43--P、NO3--N浓度变化

Fig.3 Concentration of PO43--P,NO3--N in phase Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵ

表2 不同进水COD浓度下PO43-去除率与反硝化除磷占比

Table 2 PO43- removal rate and denitrifying phosphorus removal ratio under different influent COD concentrations

时间/ d	COD浓度/ (mg·L^-1)	平均 $P O 4 3 -$ 去除率/%	反硝化除磷占总除磷的比例/%
93～103	200	93.83	85.71
136～146	250	96.72	87.10
124～135	300	95.33	59.01
112～123	320	91.05	58.02
104～111	350	87.89	70.52

表2 不同进水COD浓度下PO43-去除率与反硝化除磷占比

Table 2 PO43- removal rate and denitrifying phosphorus removal ratio under different influent COD concentrations

时间/ d	COD浓度/ (mg·L^-1)	平均 $P O 4 3 -$ 去除率/%	反硝化除磷占总除磷的比例/%
93～103	200	93.83	85.71
136～146	250	96.72	87.10
124～135	300	95.33	59.01
112～123	320	91.05	58.02
104～111	350	87.89	70.52

图4 不同进水COD条件下厌氧释磷量、缺氧吸磷量、好氧吸磷量及各阶段COD变化量

Fig.4 Anaerobic phosphorus release, anoxic phosphorus uptake, aerobic phosphorus uptake and COD change at various stages under different influent COD conditions

图5 不同pH条件下缺氧段PO43--P浓度变化

Fig.5 Concentration of PO43--P under different pH conditions

图6 140 d与150 d全周期的各指标浓度变化

Fig.6 Concentration of PO4--P，COD，NO3--N, pH in 140 day and 150 day

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