硝化细菌工业化快速富集

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200256

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究出有效的硝化细菌规模化快速富集方法，使用工业级生物反应器完成了硝化细菌的快速富集培养。从数据结果和高通量结果确定24~27 d为最佳经济取泥期，污泥浓度3000~4000 mg·L^-1为最佳细菌增长控制浓度，稳定运行阶段单日产泥量为0.3 kg·(m³·d)^-1。对比和分析活性污泥及整个培养过程中污泥群落在不同水平上的变化，发现较短时间即可实现功能菌筛选及产出。证明了该工业级生物反应器对硝化细菌规模化快速富集培养并稳定产泥方法的可行性。为包埋固定化技术实现规模化应用在菌源制备方面提供了技术路线。通过硝化细菌培养实验探究，优化了培养周期，解析了菌群演变规律。

关键词: 硝化细菌, 富集培养, AOB, 生物反应器, 种群平衡, 固定化

Abstract:

To explore an effective method of rapid enrichment of nitrifying bacteria, the industrial bioreactor was used to complete the rapid enrichment of nitrifying bacteria. From the data results and high throughput results, 24—27 d is the best economic sludge extraction period, and sludge concentration 3000—4000 mg·L^-1 is the best bacterial growth control concentration, and the daily sludge output in stable operation stage is 0.3 kg·(m³·d)^-1. Comparing and analyzing the changes of activated sludge and sludge community in different levels in the whole culture process, it is found that the screening and production of functional bacteria can be realized in a short time. It is proved that the industrial bioreactor is feasible for the rapid enrichment and cultivation of nitrifying bacteria on a large scale and stable mud production. It provides a technical route for the large-scale application of embedding and immobilization technology in the preparation of bacterial sources. Through the exploration of nitrifying bacteria cultivation experiments, the cultivation cycle was optimized, and the evolution of bacteria was analyzed.

Key words: nitrifying bacteria, enrichment culture, AOB, bioreactor, population balance, immobilization

中图分类号:

X 703.1

刘宗跃, 杨宏, 王少伦, 王佳伟. 硝化细菌工业化快速富集[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(8): 3722-3729.

Zongyue LIU, Hong YANG, Shaolun WANG, Jiawei WANG. Rapid industrial enrichment of nitrifying bacteria[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(8): 3722-3729.

图/表 11

表1 各阶段运行工况

Table 1 Operation conditions of each stage

Stage	Training time /d	Temperature /℃	pH	DO/(mg·L^-1)	Drainage cycle /d
initial stage (A)	1—24		7.5		3
mud production stage (B)	25—60	25	8.0	1	2
stable stage (C)	61—150		8.5		1

图1 污泥富集装置示意图1—screw fan; 2—gas storage tank; 3—blender; 4—bioreactor; 5—aeration ring; 6—dissolved oxygen probe; 7—pH probe; 8—temperature probe; 9—PCL automatic control cabinet; 10—DO transmitter; 11—pH transmitter; 12—temperature controller; 13—alkali dosing pump; 14—soda tank; 15—liquid medicine dosing pump; 16—medicine chest; 17—intake manifold; 18—alkali feed pipe

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of sludge enrichment device

图2 各阶段进出水NH4+-N和NO2--N、NO3--N生成量变化曲线

Fig. 2 Change curve of NH4+-N, NO2--N and NO3--N production in the inflow and outflow water of each stage

图3 氨氧化速率及污泥浓度增长曲线

Fig.3 Ammonia oxidation efficiency and sludge concentration growth curve

图4 比氨氧化速率和亚硝态氮积累率变化曲线

Fig.4 Change curve of specific ammonia oxidation efficiency and nitrite nitrogen accumulation rate

表2 Alpha多样性指标计算结果

Table 2 Calculation results of Alpha diversity index

Number	Seq	OUT	Chao1	ACE	Shannon	Simpson	Coverage
L0	86803	6729	6729	960509.71	3.44	0.12	0.93
L1	75763	1179	1179	49643.51	2.74	0.13	0.99
L2	318718	6129	22324.26	45522.01	2.71	0.25	0.99
L3	117898	2276	6344.44	12073.80	2.54	0.30	0.99

图5 原始污泥的种群分布

Fig.5 Population distribution of original sludge

图6 60 d的种群分布

Fig.6 Population distribution in 60 days

图7 150 d的种群分布

Fig.7 Population distribution in 150 days

图8 180 d的种群分布

Fig.8 Population distribution in 180 days

图9 污泥样本中含量大于1%的细菌序列的相对丰度（门、纲和属水平）

Fig.9 Relative abundance of bacterial sequences (at the level of phylum, class and genus) containing more than 1% in sludge samples

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