采用R410A单一工质的复叠式空气源热泵

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190911

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对空气源热泵在寒冷地区应用中存在的诸多问题，结合复叠式循环与压缩机直流调速技术，提出一种采用R410A单一工质的复叠式空气源热泵(SC-ASHP)系统，既可以按照传统单级压缩制热（SHC）模式运行,又可按复叠式制热（CHC）模式运行。不同工况下，对SC-ASHP系统在两种不同制热模式运行时的压缩比、排气温度、制热量与性能系数（COP）进行了模拟计算与实验研究，结果表明：低温环境下，CHC模式压缩比和排气温度远低于SHC模式；在冷凝温度46℃，蒸发温度-35℃工况下，CHC模式COP高于1.8，压缩机排气温度低于120℃，高低温压缩机压缩比均不超过5.0，系统可以稳定可靠运行；此外，CHC模式下提高低温压缩机转速可以持续提高系统制热量，满足低温环境下的供暖需求；新系统扩大了空气源热泵系统的应用范围。

关键词: 制热, 复叠式, 性能系数, 变速压缩机, 模拟

Abstract:

In the light of the problems existing in the application of air source heat pump in cold regions, a new single-fluid cascade air-source heat pump (SC-ASHP) has been developed, combining with cascade cycle and compressor DC speed regulation technology. The new-type heat pump can operate not only in a single-stage heating cycle (SHC) mode, but also in a cascade heating cycle (CHC) mode. Under different operating conditions, simulation calculations and experimental studies were performed on the compression ratio, exhaust temperature, heating capacity, and coefficient of performance (COP) of the SC-ASHP system in two different heating modes. The results show that, in low temperature environment, the compressor discharge temperature and the compression ratio of the CHC mode are much lower than the SHC mode; when the condensing temperature of 46℃ and an evaporating temperature of -35℃, COP of the CHC mode is higher than 1.8, the compressor discharge temperature is lower than 120℃, and the compression ratio is not more than 5.0, the system can operate stably and reliably; in addition, the heating capacity is rising steadily by increasing the speed of the low temperature compressor in low temperature environment, meeting the heating supply. New heat pump system expanded the application range of air source heat pump system.

Key words: heating, cascade, COP, variable speed compressor, simulation

中图分类号:

TK 519

杨永安, 李瑞申, 李坤, 孙天慧. 采用R410A单一工质的复叠式空气源热泵[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(4): 1812-1821.

Yong an YANG, Ruishen LI, Kun LI, Tianhui SUN. Cascade air-source heat pump with R410A single fluid[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(4): 1812-1821.

图/表 13

图1 SC-ASHP系统原理图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of SC-ASHP system

表1 不同运行模式下各阀门及压缩机状态

Table 1 State of every valve and compressors

Mode

Solenoid

valve-Ⅰ

Solenoid

valve-Ⅱ

Solenoid

valve-Ⅲ

Four-way

valve

EEV-Ⅰ

EEV-Ⅱ

Upper stage

compressor

Lower stage

compressor

图2 SC-ASHP系统循环图

Fig.2 SC-ASHP cycle

图3 SC-ASHP系统实验装置图

Fig.3 Test bench of C-ASHP system

表2 实验系统主要配置

Table 2 Main equipment of experiment system

Equipment	Model	Manufacturer
lower-stage compressor	LNB42FSCMC	MITSUBISHI
upper-stage compressor	TNB220FFEMC	MITSUBISHI
electronic expansion valve	E2V30BSM00， E2V24BSM00	CAREL
electric control valve	VAI61.20-6.3	SIEMENS
solenoid valve	EVR15	DANFOSS
cascade heat exchange	A=3.10 m²	AIBAOSY
evaporator	? 9.52 mm，1.73 m²	—
electric heating tube	12 kW	—
condenser	n=5，A=3.47 m²	DONGDA
water tank	1250 mm×700 mm×1250 mm	—

图4 压缩机排气温度比较

Fig.4 Comparison of discharge temperature

图6 实验压缩比比较

Fig.6 Experiment comparison of compression ratio

图5 模拟计算压缩比比较

Fig.5 Simulation comparison of compression ratio

图7 不同低温压缩机转速的制热量变化(模拟)

Fig.7 Variations of heating capacity under different lower-stage compressor speed by simulation

图8 不同低温压缩机转速的制热量变化（实验）

Fig.8 Variations of heating capacity under different lower-stage compressor speed by experiment

图9 不同低温压缩机转速的COP变化

Fig.9 Variations of COP under different lower-stage compressor speed

图10 制热量比较

Fig.10 Comparison of heat capacity

图11 制热性能系数比较

Fig.11 Comparison of COP

参考文献 31

1	陈子丹, 罗会龙, 刘锦春, 等. 寒冷地区CO₂空气源热泵供暖运行性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2018, 69(9): 4030-4036.
	Chen Z D, Luo H L, Liu J C, et al. Analysis of heating performance of CO₂ air-source heat pump in cold region[J]. CIESC Journal, 2018, 69(9): 4030-4036.
2	沈明, 宋之平. 空气源热泵应用范围北扩的可能性分析及其技术措施述评[J]. 暖通空调, 2002, (6): 37-39.
	Shen M, Song Z P. Applicability of air-source heat pumps in colder climate and relevant measures[J]. Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning, 2002, (6): 37-39.
3	柴沁虎, 马国远. 空气源热泵低温适应性研究的现状及进展[J]. 能源工程, 2002, (5): 25-31.
	Chai Q H, Ma G Y. State of knowledge and current challenges in the ASHP developed for the cold areas[J]. Energy Engineering, 2002, (5): 25-31.
4	Chua K J, Chou S K, Yang W M. Advances in heat pump systems: a review[J]. Applied Energy, 2010, 87(12): 3611-3624.
5	李玮豪, 邱君君, 张小松. 无霜空气源热泵系统冬季运行性能实验[J]. 化工学报, 2018, 69(12): 5220-5228.
	Li W H, Qiu J J, Zhang X S. Experimental research on new type of frost-free air source heat pump system in winter[J]. CIESC Journal, 2018, 69(12): 5220-5228.
6	徐俊芳, 赵耀华, 全贞花, 等. 新型空气-水双热源复合热泵系统除霜特性及能耗[J]. 化工学报, 2018, 69(6): 2646-2654.
	Xu J F, Zhao Y H, Quan Z H, et al. Defrosting characteristics and energy consumption of new air-water dual source composite heat pump system[J]. CIESC Journal, 2018, 69(6): 2646-2654.
7	张森林.空气源热泵低温特性研究[D]. 天津: 天津商业大学, 2014.
	Zhang S L. Researching on the performance of air source heat pump in low temperature[D]. Tianjin: Tianjin University of Commerce, 2014.
8	武文彬, 王伟, 金苏敏, 等. 两级压缩空气源热泵热水器实验研究[J]. 制冷学报, 2009, 30(1): 35-38.
	Wu W B, Wang W, Jin S M, et al. Experiment on two-stage compression air-source heat pump water heater[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2009, 30(1): 35-38.
9	石文星, 田长青, 王森. 寒冷地区用空气源热泵的技术进展[J]. 流体机械, 2003, 31(z1): 43-48.
	Shi W X, Tian C Q, Wang S. Technical review of air-source heat pump for cold regions[J]. Fluid Machinery, 2003, 31(z1): 43-48.
10	王伟, 马最良, 姚杨. 空气源热泵机组新型低温运行工况稳态特性研究[J]. 建筑科学, 2007, 23(10): 28-31.
	Wang W, Ma Z L, Yao Y. Study on steady state characteristics of air source heat pump (ASHP) under new working conditions in cold environment[J]. Building Science, 2007, 23(10): 28-31.
11	Bertsch S S, Groll E A. Two-stage air-source heat pump for residential heating and applications in northern U. S. climates[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2008, 31(7): 1282-1292.
12	Wang X D, Hwang Y, Radermacher R. Two-stage heat pump system with vapor-injected scroll compressor using R410A as a refrigerant[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2009, 32(6): 1442-1451.
13	Jin X, Wang S G, Zhang T F. Intermediate pressure of two-stage compression system under different conditions based on compressor coupling model[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2012, 35(4): 827-840.
14	金旭, 王树刚, 张腾飞, 等. 变工况双级压缩中间压力及其对系统性能的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2012, 63(1): 96-102.
	Jin X, Wang S G, Zhang T F, et al. Intermediate pressure and its effect on performance of two-stage compression system with variable operating mode[J]. CIESC Journal, 2012, 63(1): 96-102.
15	田长青, 石文星, 王森. 用于寒冷地区双级压缩变频空气源热泵的研究[J]. 太阳能学报, 2004, (3): 388-393.
	Tian C Q, Shi W X, Wang S. Research on two-stage compression variable frequent air source heat pump in cold regions[J]. Acta Energiae Solaris Sinica, 2004, (3): 388-393.
16	蒋爽, 王树刚, 王凤. 双级压缩空气源热泵制热性能仿真优化[J]. 中国科技论文, 2017, 12(1): 24-31.
	Jiang S, Wang S G, Wang F. Heating performance optimization of a two-stage compression air source heat pump based on simulation[J]. China Science Paper, 2017, 12(1): 24-31.
17	李双双, 王树刚. 变频双级压缩空气源热泵系统中间喷射状态对性能的影响研究[J]. 建筑科学, 2016, 32(8): 56-63.
	Li S S, Wang S G. Study on impact of intermediate injection conditions on performance of two-stage compression source heat pumps with frequency conversion[J]. Building Science, 2016, 32(8): 56-63.
18	Zehnder M. Efficient air-water heat pumps for high temperature life residential heating including oil migration aspects[R]. Swiss: Laboratory of Industrial Energetics, 2000.
19	王沣浩, 王志华, 郑煜鑫, 等. 低温环境下空气源热泵的研究现状及展望[J]. 制冷学报, 2013, 34(5): 47-54.
	Wang F H, Wang Z H, Zheng Y X, et al. Research progress and prospect of air source heat pump in low temperature environment[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2013, 34(5): 47-54.
20	Roh C W, Kim M S. Effect of vapor-injection technique on the performance of a cascade heat pump water heater[J]. International Journal of Refrigeration, 2014, 38: 168-177.
21	巫江虹, 游少芳, 谢方, 等. 蓄热型热泵热水器单级与复叠式循环性能比较[J]. 化工学报, 2011, 62(7): 1879-1884.
	Wu J H, You S F, Xie F, et al. Performance comparison of single stage and cascade heat pump water heater with PCM [J]. CIESC Journal, 2011, 62(7): 1879-1884.
22	Kim D H, Park H S, Kim M S. Optimal temperature between high and low stage cycles for R134a/R410A cascade heat pump based water heater system[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2013, 47: 172-179.
23	天津商业大学.变流量单工质共用换热器复叠热泵系统: 201610288319.8[P]. 2016-07-20.
	Tianjin University of Commerce. Variable flow single-fluid shared heat exchanger cascade heat pump system: 201610288319.8[P]. 2016-07-20.
24	曲明璐, 李天瑞, 樊亚男, 等. 复叠式空气源热泵蓄能除霜与常规除霜特性实验研究[J]. 制冷学报, 2017, 38(1): 34-39.
	Qu M L, Li T R, Fan Y N, et al. Experimental study on characteristics of energy storage defrosting and conventional defrosting for cascade air source heat pump[J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2017, 38(1): 34-39.
25	Qu M L, Fan Y N, Chen J B, et al. Experimental study of a control strategy for a cascade air source heat pump water heater [J]. Applied Thermal Engineering, 2016, 110: 835-843.
26	张红瑞, 刘学来, 李永安, 等. 节能高效空气源复叠式热泵系统[J]. 暖通空调, 2010, 40(11): 108-112.
	Zhang H R, Liu X L, Li Y A, et al. Energy-efficient cascade air-source heat pump system[J]. Heating Ventilating & Air Conditioning, 2010, 40(11): 108-112.
27	王林, 陈光明, 陈斌, 等. 一种用于低温环境下新型空气源热泵循环研究[J]. 制冷学报, 2005, 26 (2): 34-38.
	Wang L, Chen G M, Chen B, et al. Cycle analysis of heating and refrigeration in new air-source heat pump [J]. Journal of Refrigeration, 2005, 26(2): 34-38.
28	浙江大学. 扩大在低温环境下热泵制热能力的方法及装置: 03115636.3[P]. 2003-08-20.
	University Zhejiang. Method and device for expanding heat pump heating capacity in low temperature environment: 03115636.3[P]. 2003-08-20.
29	余延顺, 何雪强, 江辉民, 等. 单-双级混合复叠空气源热泵机组制热性能实验研究[J]. 南京理工大学学报（自然科学版）, 2012, 36(6): 1036-1041.
	Yu Y S, He X Q, Jiang H M, et al. Experimental study on heating performances of hybrid single-double stage cascade air-source heat pump unit[J]. Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology, 2012, 36(6): 1036-1041.
30	谭周芳, 刘剑锋. 空调器模拟设计中的压缩机性能拟合[J]. 制冷, 1997, 58(1): 46-50.
	Tan Z F, Liu J F. Computation of compressor performance curve in air conditioner limitation design[J]. Refrigeration, 1997, 58(1): 46-50.
31	Wen H L. Simplified steady-state modeling for variable speed compressor[J]. Applied Thermal Engineering: Design, Processes, Equipment, Economics, 2013, 50(1): 318-326.

[1]	叶展羽, 山訸, 徐震原. 用于太阳能蒸发的折纸式蒸发器性能仿真[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 132-140.
[2]	张龙, 宋孟杰, 邵苛苛, 张旋, 沈俊, 高润淼, 甄泽康, 江正勇. 管翅式换热器迎风侧翅片末端霜层生长模拟研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 179-182.
[3]	张义飞, 刘舫辰, 张双星, 杜文静. 超临界二氧化碳用印刷电路板式换热器性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 183-190.
[4]	王志国, 薛孟, 董芋双, 张田震, 秦晓凯, 韩强. 基于裂隙粗糙性表征方法的地热岩体热流耦合数值模拟与分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 223-234.
[5]	杨天阳, 邹慧明, 周晖, 王春磊, 田长青. -30℃电动汽车补气式CO₂热泵制热性能实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 272-279.
[6]	宋嘉豪, 王文. 斯特林发动机与高温热管耦合运行特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 287-294.
[7]	张思雨, 殷勇高, 贾鹏琦, 叶威. 双U型地埋管群跨季节蓄热特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 295-301.
[8]	常明慧, 王林, 苑佳佳, 曹艺飞. 盐溶液蓄能型热泵循环特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 329-337.
[9]	刘远超, 关斌, 钟建斌, 徐一帆, 蒋旭浩, 李耑. 单层XSe₂（X=Zr/Hf）的热电输运特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3968-3978.
[10]	何松, 刘乔迈, 谢广烁, 王斯民, 肖娟. 高浓度水煤浆管道气膜减阻两相流模拟及代理辅助优化[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3766-3774.
[11]	陈哲文, 魏俊杰, 张玉明. 超临界水煤气化耦合SOFC发电系统集成及其能量转化机制[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3888-3902.
[12]	宋明昊, 赵霏, 刘淑晴, 李国选, 杨声, 雷志刚. 离子液体脱除模拟油中挥发酚的多尺度模拟与研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3654-3664.
[13]	胡建波, 刘洪超, 胡齐, 黄美英, 宋先雨, 赵双良. 有机笼跨细胞膜易位行为的分子动力学模拟研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3756-3765.
[14]	赵佳佳, 田世祥, 李鹏, 谢洪高. SiO₂-H₂O纳米流体强化煤尘润湿性的微观机理研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3931-3945.
[15]	韩晨, 司徒友珉, 朱斌, 许建良, 郭晓镭, 刘海峰. 协同处理废液的多喷嘴粉煤气化炉内反应流动研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3266-3278.