CH4-N2在自支撑颗粒型Silicalite-1上的吸附分离及PSA模拟

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20191357

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

纯硅分子筛Silicalite-1原粉（Si/Al>470）在6 MPa压力下制成自支撑颗粒状吸附剂，经XRD和77 K氮气吸脱附表征表明自支撑颗粒型的Silicalite-1保留了原粉的晶体结构和比表面。静态重量法测试了273/298/313 K下CH₄和N₂在其上的吸附等温线，利用理想吸附溶液理论（IAST）法计算了吸附剂对CH₄/N₂的选择性。动态气体穿透实验测试了颗粒型Silicalite-1吸附剂对不同浓度CH₄/N₂混合气的分离效果，结果表明该吸附剂更适合于低浓度甲烷（20%/80% CH₄/N₂）的富集脱氮。通过总传质模型利用数值模拟预测了颗粒型Silicalite-1吸附剂的变压吸附分离（PSA）富集低浓度煤层气中甲烷的效果。模拟结果显示20%/80%的CH₄/N₂混合气经一次提浓，CH₄浓度可以提升至37%~41%，回收率达到60%~92%；30%/70%的CH₄/N₂混合气经一次提浓，CH₄浓度可以提升至50%~53%，回收率达到58%~92%。

关键词: 甲烷, 氮气, 变压吸附, 纯硅分子筛

Abstract:

Pure-silica zeolite Silicalite-1 powder was pressed at 6 MPa pressure to form self-supporting pellets. By characterization of powder X-ray diffraction and 77 K nitrogen adsorption-desorption, there was no change in crystalline and specific surface area after pelletization. Single component adsorption equilibrium isotherm of CH₄ and N₂ on the self-supporting pellets Silicalite-1 at 273/298/313 K were measured by static gravimetric method. Selectivity of CH₄/N₂ mixtures on the adsorbent were calculated from Ideal Adsorbed Solution Theory (IAST). Separation effects of CH₄/N₂ mixtures on the adsorbent were investigated by dynamic mixtures breakthrough experiments, which show it is more suitable for enrichment and nitrogen removal from low concentration coal-bed methane. Separation and enrichment of methane from low concentration coal-bed methane by pressure swing adsorption (PSA) on the particle-shaped Silicalite-1 were predicted using total mass-transfer model by numerical simulation based on abovementioned data. The simulation results show that once the 20% / 80% CH₄ / N₂ mixture is concentrated, the CH₄ concentration can be increased to 37%—41%, and the recovery rate can be 60%—92%; 30%/70% CH₄/N₂ mixture is once concentration, CH₄ concentration can be increased to 50%—53%, and the recovery rate is 58%—92%.

Key words: methane, nitrogen, pressure swing adsorption, Silicalite-1

中图分类号:

TQ 028.1

尚华, 白洪灏, 刘佳奇, 杨江峰, 李晋平. CH₄-N₂在自支撑颗粒型Silicalite-1上的吸附分离及PSA模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(5): 2088-2098.

Hua SHANG, Honghao BAI, Jiaqi LIU, Jiangfeng YANG, Jinping LI. PSA simulation and adsorption separation of CH₄-N₂ by self-supporting pellets Silicalite-1[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(5): 2088-2098.

图/表 18

图1 自支撑颗粒型纯硅分子筛Silicalite-1的制备过程示意图

Fig.1 Schematic representation of procedure of densification particle-shaped Silicalite-1

图2 压片破碎筛分得到的颗粒状Silicalite-1吸附剂

Fig.2 Silicalite-1 adsorbent particles prepared by compression, crushing and sieving

图3 混合气穿透实验装置图

Fig.3 Apparatus of gas mixture breakthrough experiment

表1 模拟穿透实验中涉及到的方程

Table 1 Equations used in breakthrough simulation

Parameter	Expression
mass balance	$- ε b D a x ? 2 c i ? z 2 + ? (v g c i) ? z + ε b + 1 - ε b ε p ? c i ? t + ρ s 1 - ε b ? q i ? t = 0$
energy balance	$- k g ? 2 T g ? z 2 + c v, g v g ρ g ? T g ? t + ε b c v, g ρ g + P ? v g ? z + h f T g - T s + 4 h w D b T g - T 0 = 0$
	$- k s ? 2 T s ? z 2 + c p s ρ s ? T s ? t + ρ s ∑ i = 1 n (c p s, i w i) ? T s ? t + ρ s ∑ i = 1 n (? H i ? q i ? t) = h f T g - T s$
	$c p w ρ w ? T w ? z = h w 4 D b D b + W t 2 - D b 2 T g - T w + U 4 D b + W t 2 D b + W t 2 - D b 2 T w - T a m b$
gas phase momentum	$? P ? z = - 1.5 × 10 - 3 1 - ε i 2 2 r p τ 2 ε i 3 μ v g + 1.75 × 10 - 5 M ρ g 1 - ε i 2 r p τ ε i 3 v g 2$
Langmuir isotherm	$q i q ∞ = b i P i 1 + ∑ i = 1 n b i P i$
	$b i = b 0 e x p ? - ? H i R T$
linear driving force model	$? q i ? t = k n q i * - q i$

表1 模拟穿透实验中涉及到的方程

Table 1 Equations used in breakthrough simulation

Parameter	Expression
mass balance	$- ε b D a x ? 2 c i ? z 2 + ? (v g c i) ? z + ε b + 1 - ε b ε p ? c i ? t + ρ s 1 - ε b ? q i ? t = 0$
energy balance	$- k g ? 2 T g ? z 2 + c v, g v g ρ g ? T g ? t + ε b c v, g ρ g + P ? v g ? z + h f T g - T s + 4 h w D b T g - T 0 = 0$
	$- k s ? 2 T s ? z 2 + c p s ρ s ? T s ? t + ρ s ∑ i = 1 n (c p s, i w i) ? T s ? t + ρ s ∑ i = 1 n (? H i ? q i ? t) = h f T g - T s$
	$c p w ρ w ? T w ? z = h w 4 D b D b + W t 2 - D b 2 T g - T w + U 4 D b + W t 2 D b + W t 2 - D b 2 T w - T a m b$
gas phase momentum	$? P ? z = - 1.5 × 10 - 3 1 - ε i 2 2 r p τ 2 ε i 3 μ v g + 1.75 × 10 - 5 M ρ g 1 - ε i 2 r p τ ε i 3 v g 2$
Langmuir isotherm	$q i q ∞ = b i P i 1 + ∑ i = 1 n b i P i$
	$b i = b 0 e x p ? - ? H i R T$
linear driving force model	$? q i ? t = k n q i * - q i$

表2 吸附床和吸附剂参数

Table 2 Parameters of adsorption bed and adsorbent

Parameter	Value
bed height, z/m	0.15
bed radius, D_b/m	9×10^-3
bed void fraction, ε_b	0.43
particle void fraction, ε_p	0.35
adsorbent particle radius, r_p/m	4×10^-4
adsorbent particle density, ρ_p/(kg/m³)	1.21
CH₄ mass transfer coefficient, $k L D F, C H 4$ /s^-1	0.66
N₂ mass transfer coefficient, $k L D F, N 2$ /s^-1	0.31

表2 吸附床和吸附剂参数

Table 2 Parameters of adsorption bed and adsorbent

Parameter	Value
bed height, z/m	0.15
bed radius, D_b/m	9×10^-3
bed void fraction, ε_b	0.43
particle void fraction, ε_p	0.35
adsorbent particle radius, r_p/m	4×10^-4
adsorbent particle density, ρ_p/(kg/m³)	1.21
CH₄ mass transfer coefficient, $k L D F, C H 4$ /s^-1	0.66
N₂ mass transfer coefficient, $k L D F, N 2$ /s^-1	0.31

图4 纯硅分子筛Silicalite-1原粉和颗粒的XRD谱图

Fig.4 XRD patterns of Silicalite-1 powder and particles

图5 Silicalite-1原粉和颗粒在77 K下氮气吸脱附等温线

Fig.5 N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm at 77 K on Silicalite-1 of powder and pellets

表3 Silicalite-1粉末和颗粒的孔结构参数及相关密度

Table 3 Porosity data and related density of Silicalite-1 powder and particle

Form

Applied pressure/MPa

BET surface area/(m2/g)

Langmuir surface area/(m2/g)

Total pore volume/(cm3/g)

Micropore volume/(cm3/g)

Crystal density/(g/cm³)

Bulk density/

(g/cm³)

图6 298 K下颗粒型Silicalite-1吸附剂的水蒸气吸附等温线

Fig.6 Water vapor adsorption isotherms for particle-shaped Silicalite-1 at 298 K

图7 不同温度下CH4和N2在颗粒型Silicalite-1吸附剂上的吸附等温线及Langmuir模拟

Fig.7 Pure gas adsorption isotherms of CH4 and N2 on particle-shaped Silicalite-1 at different temperature

表4 不同温度下Langmuir模型拟合的CH4和N2吸附等温线参数

Table 4 Langmuir model fitting parameters based on CH4 and N2 adsorption isotherm at different temperature

Gas	T/K	Langmuir model
Gas	T/K	q_m,L/(cm³/g)	B_L/bar^-1	R²
CH₄	273	61.11	0.50	0.9999
	298	60.24	0.31	0.9999
	313	80.69	0.12	0.9999
N₂	273	57.41	0.13	0.9999
	298	62.00	0.07	0.9999
	313	101.68	0.03	0.9999

表5 本文测试结果与文献中吸附容量比较

Table 5 Comparison of adsorption capacities with literature data

Adsorbate	Condition	Capacity/(cm³/g)
Adsorbate	Condition	Ref.[27]	This work
CH₄	298 K,1 bar	11.42	16.82
N₂	298 K,1 bar	3.58	4.30

图8 CH4/N2混合气在颗粒型Silicalite-1吸附剂上的吸附选择性

Fig.8 Adsorption selectivity of CH4/N2 mixtures on particle-shaped Silicalite-1

图9 CH4和N2在颗粒型Silicalite-1吸附剂上的吸附热

Fig.9 Adsorption heat of CH4 and N2 on particle-shaped Silicalite-1

图10 颗粒型Silicalite-1吸附剂对甲烷浓度为20%和50%的CH4/N2混合气穿透实验及其模拟

Fig.10 Experimental and simulated breakthrough for 20% and 50% CH4/N2 mixtures on particle-shaped Silicalite-1

表6 原料气浓度和流量对穿透时间、保留时间、吸附量和CH4/N2吸附选择性的影响

Table 6 Effect of content and flow on breakthrough time, retention time, adsorbed amount and selectivity for CH4/N2

Content/%	Flow/ (ml/min)	CH₄ breakthrough time/s	N₂ breakthrough time/s	Retention time/s	CH₄adsorption amount/(mmol/g)	N₂adsorption amount/(mmol/g)	CH₄/N₂ selectivity
20	3	1420	683	737	0.154	0.222	2.77
	5	720	350	370	0.124	0.206	2.41
	10	380	190	190	0.113	0.190	2.37
50	3	1500	1140	360	0.397	0.234	1.70
	5	750	470	280	0.389	0.210	1.85
	10	510	310	200	0.306	0.159	1.92

图11 PSA循环操作示意图

Fig.11 Schematic diagram of PSA cycle process

图12 预测颗粒型Silicalite-1吸附剂对低浓度煤层气中甲烷含量为20%和30%的富集效果

Fig.12 Prediction of enrichment effect of particle-shaped Silicalite-1 on methane in low concentration coalbed methane

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CH₄-N₂在自支撑颗粒型Silicalite-1上的吸附分离及PSA模拟

PSA simulation and adsorption separation of CH₄-N₂ by self-supporting pellets Silicalite-1

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