垂直圆管内掺氢甲烷燃烧不稳定性研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20220805

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究垂直圆管内掺氢甲烷燃烧的不稳定性，自行搭建了上端为开口下端为闭口的透明圆形燃烧管道（半径 $r = 30 m m$ ，管长 $L = 600 m m$ ），火焰在开口端被点燃，向闭口端传播，在化学当量比条件下，通过改变氢气体积分数进行实验。结果表明，当氢气体积分数 $γ ≥$ 50%后，火焰在传播过程中出现了数量众多的小尺寸胞状结构，并逐渐演变为平滑的弯曲火焰锋面结构，而在 $γ <$ 50%的工况中没有出现此现象；对初级不稳定性振荡以及次级不稳定性振荡出现的原因进行了分析，火焰表面积的快速变化是形成初级不稳定性振荡的主要原因，燃烧过程中产生的有限振幅的声学振荡是次级不稳定性振荡产生的原因；对不同工况反应过程组分流量的敏感性分析可以得出，链式反应R1（H+O₂ $̿$ O+OH）为促进燃烧反应速率的主导链式反应；火焰传播过程中的最大压力出现在次级不稳定性振荡阶段，由于开口声压损失以及开口预混未燃气体损失，最大压力的数值随氢气体积分数的增加而减小。

关键词: 氢气, 甲烷, 不稳定性, 火焰结构, 敏感性分析

Abstract:

In order to study the instability of hydrogen-doped methane combustion in vertical circular tube, a transparent circular combustion tube (radius $r = 30 m m$ , tube length $L = 600 m m$ ) with upper end opening and lower end closing was built. The flame was ignited at the opening end and propagated to the closing end. Under the condition of chemical equivalence ratio, the experiment was carried out by changing the volume fraction of hydrogen. The results show that when the volume fraction of hydrogen $γ ≥$ 50%, a large number of small-size cellular structures appear in the flame propagation process, and gradually evolve into the flame front structure of the approximate plane, but this phenomenon does not appear in the case of $γ <$ 50%. The primary unstable oscillation and the causes of the secondary unstable oscillation are analyzed. The rapid change of flame surface area is the main reason for the formation of primary instability oscillation, and the limited amplitude acoustic oscillation produced in the combustion process is the reason for the secondary instability oscillation. The sensitivity analysis of the component flow rate of the reaction process under different operating conditions can be concluded that the chain reaction R1 (H +O₂ $̿$ O+OH) is the dominant reaction to promote the combustion reaction rate. The maximum pressure in the flame propagation process appears in the secondary instability oscillation stage. Due to the opening sound pressure loss and the opening premixed gas loss, the maximum pressure value decreases with the increase of hydrogen volume fraction.

Key words: hydrogen, methane, instability, flame structure, sensitivity analysis

中图分类号:

TD 712

吴一, 温小萍, 张素梅, 郭志东, 邓浩鑫, 纪文涛. 垂直圆管内掺氢甲烷燃烧不稳定性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(10): 4780-4790.

Yi WU, Xiaoping WEN, Sumei ZHANG, Zhidong GUO, Haoxin DENG, Wentao JI. Study on combustion instability of hydrogen methane-doped in vertical circular tubes[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(10): 4780-4790.

图/表 13

图1 实验装置示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of experimental device

表1 实验工况

Table 1 Experimental conditions

工况	当量比 $ϕ$	$γ$ /%	CH₄/%	H₂/%	Air/%	声速 $c$ /ms^-1
1	1	10	9.17	1.02	89.81	354
2	1	20	8.80	2.20	89.00	356
3	1	30	8.35	3.58	88.07	358
4	1	35	8.10	4.36	87.54	359
5	1	40	7.83	5.22	86.95	361
6	1	45	7.52	6.16	86.32	362
7	1	50	7.19	7.19	85.62	364
8	1	55	6.82	8.34	84.84	366
9	1	60	6.41	9.62	83.97	368
10	1	65	5.95	11.05	83.00	371
11	1	70	5.43	12.67	81.90	373

表1 实验工况

Table 1 Experimental conditions

工况	当量比 $ϕ$	$γ$ /%	CH₄/%	H₂/%	Air/%	声速 $c$ /ms^-1
1	1	10	9.17	1.02	89.81	354
2	1	20	8.80	2.20	89.00	356
3	1	30	8.35	3.58	88.07	358
4	1	35	8.10	4.36	87.54	359
5	1	40	7.83	5.22	86.95	361
6	1	45	7.52	6.16	86.32	362
7	1	50	7.19	7.19	85.62	364
8	1	55	6.82	8.34	84.84	366
9	1	60	6.41	9.62	83.97	368
10	1	65	5.95	11.05	83.00	371
11	1	70	5.43	12.67	81.90	373

图2 火焰传播过程示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of flame propagation process

图3 四种火焰传播阶段（图片来自于不同的实验工况）

Fig.3 Four flame propagation stages (pictures from different experimental conditions)

图4 γ=30%、40%、50%、60%、70%时火焰传播过程代表性图像

Fig.4 Representative images of flame propagation process at γ=30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%

图5 火焰锋面位置与氢气体积分数之间的关系

Fig.5 Relationship between flame front position and hydrogen volume fraction

图6 压力曲线与火焰锋面位置

Fig.6 Pressure curve and flame front position

图7 压力曲线振幅-频率图

Fig.7 The amplitude-frequency diagram of pressure curve

图8 次级不稳定性振荡频率与氢气体积分数的关系

Fig.8 Relationship between the frequency of secondary instability oscillation and hydrogen volume fraction

图9 γ=50%时压力曲线与火焰图像

Fig.9 Pressure curve and flame images at γ=50%

图10 不同氢气体积分数压力峰值及出现的时间的变化趋势

Fig.10 The pressure peak and time variation trend of different hydrogen volume fractions

图11 主要链式反应的敏感度系数和OH自由基摩尔分数的最大值

Fig.11 The sensitivity coefficients for main chain reactions and the maximum value of the OH free radical molar fraction

表2 主要链式反应

Table 2 Main chain reactions

反应序号	主要链式反应	反应序号	主要链式反应
R1	H+O₂ $̿$ O+OH	R39	HCO+M $̿$ CO+H+M
R2	O+H₂ $̿$ H+OH	R40	HCO+H₂O $̿$ CO+H+H₂O
R9	H+OH+M $̿$ H₂O+M	R88	CH₃+H(+M) $̿$ CH₄(+M)
R12	H+O₂(+M) $̿$ HO₂(+M)	R92	CH₃+OH $̿$ CH₂*+H₂O
R31	CO+OH $̿$ CO₂+H	R123	CH₄+H $̿$ CH₃+H₂
R35	HCO+H $̿$ CO+H₂	R125	CH₄+OH $̿$ CH₃+H₂O

表2 主要链式反应

Table 2 Main chain reactions

反应序号	主要链式反应	反应序号	主要链式反应
R1	H+O₂ $̿$ O+OH	R39	HCO+M $̿$ CO+H+M
R2	O+H₂ $̿$ H+OH	R40	HCO+H₂O $̿$ CO+H+H₂O
R9	H+OH+M $̿$ H₂O+M	R88	CH₃+H(+M) $̿$ CH₄(+M)
R12	H+O₂(+M) $̿$ HO₂(+M)	R92	CH₃+OH $̿$ CH₂*+H₂O
R31	CO+OH $̿$ CO₂+H	R123	CH₄+H $̿$ CH₃+H₂
R35	HCO+H $̿$ CO+H₂	R125	CH₄+OH $̿$ CH₃+H₂O

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