面向海洋工程的超重力过程强化技术及应用

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20191374

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以旋转填料床（rotating packed bed， RPB）为核心装备的超重力技术是典型的化工过程强化技术之一，由于具有体积小、传质及分离效率高的优点，已被成功应用于海洋平台的化工过程中。介绍了超重力技术的核心装备结构及原理，回顾了针对超重力技术的各项基础实验研究、数学模型化和CFD模拟方面的工作，这些工作为超重力技术的工业应用提供了很好的理论支持。最后介绍了近年来超重力技术在海洋平台油气生产中天然气脱水、脱硫及注入水脱氧过程的工业应用。

关键词: 超重力, 化学反应器, 气液两相流, 传质, 海洋工程

Abstract:

Higee (high gravity) technology, which is carried out in rotating packed bed (RPB), is one of the typical chemical process intensification technologies. Due to its small size, high mass transfer and high separation efficiency, it has been successfully applied in the chemical process on offshore platform. The structure and principle of RPB was introduced, and the related works was summarized in terms of fundamental research, mathematic modeling and CFD simulation of RPB, which provides theoretical support for the wide application of Higee technology. Finally, the industrial application of natural gas dehydration, desulfurization and water deoxidation in the oil and gas production of offshore platforms by supergravity technology is introduced.

Key words: Higee, chemical reactor, gas-liquid flow, mass transfer, oceaneering

中图分类号:

TQ 028.8

张亮亮, 付纪文, 罗勇, 孙宝昌, 邹海魁, 初广文, 陈建峰. 面向海洋工程的超重力过程强化技术及应用[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(1): 1-15.

Liangliang ZHANG, Jiwen FU, Yong LUO, Baochang SUN, Haikui ZOU, Guangwen CHU, Jianfeng CHEN. Higee process intensification technology and application for oceaneering[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(1): 1-15.

图/表 17

图1 不同类型的旋转填料床结构

Fig.1 Structure of different types of rotating packed beds

图2 空腔区液相形态

Fig.2 Liquid phase pattern in cavity zone

图3 空区液滴运动的典型图像

Fig.3 Typical images of droplet motion in cavity zone

图4 流体射流对不同位置的剪切和携带作用的动态过程

Fig.4 Dynamic processes of shearing and carrying action with liquid jet impacting on different positions

图5 金属丝网填料中18.5、55.8、155.6 mPa?s的液相在不同转速下的持液量图

Fig.5 Liquid holdup maps in wire mesh packing with 18.5, 55.8 and 155.6 mPa?s

图6 泡沫镍填料中18.5、55.8、155.6 mPa?s的液相在不同转速下的持液量图

Fig.6 Liquid holdup maps in nickel foam packing with 18.5, 55.8，155.6 mPa?s

表1 不同结构RPB中预测 k G a 的关联式

Table 1 Correlations for estimating gas volumetric mass transfer efficient in different type of RPB

关联式	实验体系及设备类型
$k G = 2.0 a t D G R e 0.7 S c 13 a t d p - 2$	NaOH吸收CO₂，填料塔
$k G = 0.06229 R e G 0.8773 W e L 0.1301 G a 0.07015$	共流型CAS-RPB物理吸收NH₃-H₂O
$k G = 0.01043 R e G 1.0738 W e L 0.1192 G a 0.09007$	逆流型CAS-RPB物理吸收NH₃-H₂O
$k G = 0.08576 R e G 0.8028 W e L 0.1263 G a 0.07637$	共流型SP-RPB物理吸收NH₃-H₂O
$k G = 0.01081 R e G 1.0281 W e L 0.090841 G a 0.09081$	逆流型SP-RPB物理吸收NH₃-H₂O
$k G a e d p D G a t = 0.456 R e L 0.59 R e G 0.63 W e L 0.07 F r - 0.06 σ σ c 0.10$	NaOH吸收SO₂，RPB
$k G a e d p D G a t 2 1 - 0.9 V 0 V t = 0.023 R e L 0.14 R e G 1.13 W e L 0.07 G r G 0.31 a t a p' 1.4$	氨气和VOCs的吸收和解吸，RPB
$k G a e d p D G a t = 0.027 R e L 0.245 R e G 0.679 G r G 0.140$	水脱氧，RPB

表1 不同结构RPB中预测 k G a 的关联式

Table 1 Correlations for estimating gas volumetric mass transfer efficient in different type of RPB

关联式	实验体系及设备类型
$k G = 2.0 a t D G R e 0.7 S c 13 a t d p - 2$	NaOH吸收CO₂，填料塔
$k G = 0.06229 R e G 0.8773 W e L 0.1301 G a 0.07015$	共流型CAS-RPB物理吸收NH₃-H₂O
$k G = 0.01043 R e G 1.0738 W e L 0.1192 G a 0.09007$	逆流型CAS-RPB物理吸收NH₃-H₂O
$k G = 0.08576 R e G 0.8028 W e L 0.1263 G a 0.07637$	共流型SP-RPB物理吸收NH₃-H₂O
$k G = 0.01081 R e G 1.0281 W e L 0.090841 G a 0.09081$	逆流型SP-RPB物理吸收NH₃-H₂O
$k G a e d p D G a t = 0.456 R e L 0.59 R e G 0.63 W e L 0.07 F r - 0.06 σ σ c 0.10$	NaOH吸收SO₂，RPB
$k G a e d p D G a t 2 1 - 0.9 V 0 V t = 0.023 R e L 0.14 R e G 1.13 W e L 0.07 G r G 0.31 a t a p' 1.4$	氨气和VOCs的吸收和解吸，RPB
$k G a e d p D G a t = 0.027 R e L 0.245 R e G 0.679 G r G 0.140$	水脱氧，RPB

表2 不同实验体系预测 k L a 的关联式

Table 2 Correlations for estimating liquid volumetric mass transfer efficient of different systems

关联式	实验体系
$k L d p D L = 0.9119 S c L 12 R e L 13 a t a 13 G r L 16$	水中氧的解吸，RPB
$k L a e = 0.003689 W e L 0.5476 R e G 0.5449 G r 0.3428$	NaOH吸收CO₂，RPB
$k L a d p D L a t = 0.9 S r L 12 R e L 0.24 G r L 0.29 W e L 0.335$	甘油和CMC脱氧，RPB
$k L a d p D L a t = 8.813 S c L 0.5 G r L 0.37 W e L 0.335$	离子液体捕集CO₂，RPB
$k L a d p D L a t = 0.478 R e L 0.906 G r L 0.275$	水脱氧，RPB
$k L a d p D L a t 1 - 0.93 V 0 V t - 1.13 V i V t = 0.65 S c L 0.5 R e L 0.17 G r L 0.3 W e L 0.3$	水中氧的解吸，RPB
$k L a d p D L a t 1 - 0.93 V 0 V t - 1.13 V i V t = 0.35 S c L 0.5 R e L 0.17 G r L 0.3 W e L 0.3 a t a p' - 0.5 σ c σ w 0.14$	水中氧的解吸，RPB

表2 不同实验体系预测 k L a 的关联式

Table 2 Correlations for estimating liquid volumetric mass transfer efficient of different systems

关联式	实验体系
$k L d p D L = 0.9119 S c L 12 R e L 13 a t a 13 G r L 16$	水中氧的解吸，RPB
$k L a e = 0.003689 W e L 0.5476 R e G 0.5449 G r 0.3428$	NaOH吸收CO₂，RPB
$k L a d p D L a t = 0.9 S r L 12 R e L 0.24 G r L 0.29 W e L 0.335$	甘油和CMC脱氧，RPB
$k L a d p D L a t = 8.813 S c L 0.5 G r L 0.37 W e L 0.335$	离子液体捕集CO₂，RPB
$k L a d p D L a t = 0.478 R e L 0.906 G r L 0.275$	水脱氧，RPB
$k L a d p D L a t 1 - 0.93 V 0 V t - 1.13 V i V t = 0.65 S c L 0.5 R e L 0.17 G r L 0.3 W e L 0.3$	水中氧的解吸，RPB
$k L a d p D L a t 1 - 0.93 V 0 V t - 1.13 V i V t = 0.35 S c L 0.5 R e L 0.17 G r L 0.3 W e L 0.3 a t a p' - 0.5 σ c σ w 0.14$	水中氧的解吸，RPB

表3 不同研究者预测a/a t的关联式

Table 3 Correlations for estimating effective mass transfer efficient in literature

关联式	实验体系
$a a t = 1 - e x p - 1.45 σ c σ L 0.75 R e L 0.1 F e L - 0.05 W e L 0.2$	CH₃OH和CCl₄吸收CO₂，填料塔
$a a t = 1.5 σ t d h - 0.5 ρ L u L d h μ L - 0.2 ρ L u L 2 d h σ L 0.75 u L 2 ω 2 r d h - 0.45$	水吸收甘油-空气，填料塔
$a a t = 11906 R e L - 1.8070 F r L - 0.0601 W e L 0.9896$	NaOH吸收CO₂，SP-RPB
$a a t = 54999 R e L - 2.2186 F r L - 0.1748 W e L 1.3160$	NaOH吸收CO₂，SP-RPB
$a a t = 66510 R e L - 1.41 F r L - 0.12 W e L 1.21 c 2 c + d 2 - 0.74$	NaOH吸收CO₂，金属丝网填料，RPB

表3 不同研究者预测a/a t的关联式

Table 3 Correlations for estimating effective mass transfer efficient in literature

关联式	实验体系
$a a t = 1 - e x p - 1.45 σ c σ L 0.75 R e L 0.1 F e L - 0.05 W e L 0.2$	CH₃OH和CCl₄吸收CO₂，填料塔
$a a t = 1.5 σ t d h - 0.5 ρ L u L d h μ L - 0.2 ρ L u L 2 d h σ L 0.75 u L 2 ω 2 r d h - 0.45$	水吸收甘油-空气，填料塔
$a a t = 11906 R e L - 1.8070 F r L - 0.0601 W e L 0.9896$	NaOH吸收CO₂，SP-RPB
$a a t = 54999 R e L - 2.2186 F r L - 0.1748 W e L 1.3160$	NaOH吸收CO₂，SP-RPB
$a a t = 66510 R e L - 1.41 F r L - 0.12 W e L 1.21 c 2 c + d 2 - 0.74$	NaOH吸收CO₂，金属丝网填料，RPB

图7 气体流动径向速度分布不均匀

Fig.7 Maldistribution of radial velocity contour plots of gas flow

图8 RPB中填料区外边缘的气体流线

Fig.8 Streamlines of gas in outer edge of packing zone in RPB

图9 RPB中两种典型的液体流动形态的模拟结果

Fig.9 Simulation results about typical liquid flow in an RPB

图10 两种黏度下的液相形态

Fig.10 Liquid forms in two viscosities

图11 中国石化胜利油田埕岛平台超重力注入水脱氧装置

Fig.11 Higee device for water deoxidation in Chengdao platform of Shengli oilfield, Sinopec

图12 海上油气开采作业船（a）及超重力真空水脱氧装置（b）

Fig.12 Offshore oil and gas exploitation ship (a) and Higee device for vacuum water deoxidation (b)

图13 南海油田天然气脱硫撬块（a）及超重力脱硫装置（b）

Fig.13 Natural gas desulfurization skid in Nanhai oilfield (a) and Higee desulfurization device (b)

图14 渤海某平台超重力三甘醇脱水装置

Fig.14 Higee triglycol dehydration device in Bohai platform

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