分布式光伏储能系统的设计方法及运行特性

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201571

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对典型的户用光伏储能系统，建立了各个部件的数学模型，研究了系统的运行特性，考虑最大光伏自给率基础策略与加入谷时电网和蓄电池交互的改进策略，探究了经济性指标净现值、技术性指标光伏自给率及用户自用率与蓄电池容量的关系，绘制了经济性指标与技术性指标关系曲线，提出一种分布式光伏储能系统的容量设计方法，基于MATLAB进行全年能量流动与全生命周期经济结果分析，并针对上海市地区典型日晴天系统运行特性进行了模拟研究。结果表明，技术性指标与经济性指标随蓄电池容量变化呈现相反的变化趋势，在基础与改进策略下，蓄电池容量分别超过10.5和6.5 kW·h后，降低净现值以提升光伏自给率与用户自用率的效果逐渐减弱，因此基于蓄电容量为5 kW·h（基础策略）和6.5 kW·h（改进策略）的拐点前的曲线，依据实际需要确定系统蓄电池的容量。模拟结果表明，对于案例中的3.06 kW（峰值）的光伏系统和4.8 kW·h的蓄电池，系统较单独的光伏系统有明显的削峰填谷效果。考虑谷时蓄电池与电网交互的改进策略比基础策略有更好的技术性与经济性表现，但是系统对市电电网的传输负担会有所加重。

关键词: 再生能源, 太阳能, 可持续性, 分布式光伏储能, 用户自用率, 净现值

Abstract:

The mathematical model of residential grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) battery system is developed, to study the effect of technical and economic indicators on system performance. Two operation strategies, including basic strategy to maximize self-consumption rate as well as improved strategy via valley grid first and battery charging, have been considered. A novel sizing method for battery in the grid-connected PV battery system is then proposed based on the correlation curves which illustrates the relationship between net present value (NPV), self-consumption rate, self-sufficiency rate, as well as battery size. After developing the model in MATLAB, the simulation results demonstrate that there is a tradeoff relationship between technical and economic indicators especially when the battery size is less than 10.5 and 6.5 kW·h respectively for basic and improved strategies, denoting that the correlation curve between the indicators before the inflection point can be regarded as the reference curve for the given system when sizing the battery. Furthermore, the operation performance of PV battery system on a typical sunny day in Shanghai is examined, presenting that the electricity export and import between the 3.06 kW (peak value) system and the grid can be reduced obviously when the battery bank is 4.8 kW·h, finally enhancing peak-load shifting.

Key words: renewable energy, solar energy, sustainability, distributed photovoltaic battery system, self-sufficiency rate, net present value

中图分类号:

TK 519

张怡洁, 刘星, 陈振武, 张晓春, 周勇, 丘建栋, 顾文波, 马涛. 分布式光伏储能系统的设计方法及运行特性[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(S1): 503-511.

ZHANG Yijie, LIU Xing, CHEN Zhenwu, ZHANG Xiaochun, ZHOU Yong, QIU Jiandong, GU Wenbo, MA Tao. Sizing method and operating characteristics of distributed photovoltaic battery system[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(S1): 503-511.

图/表 9

图1 分布式光伏储能系统

Fig.1 Systematic diagram of PV battery system

表1 光伏系统、逆变器与蓄电池特性参数［21-22］

Table 1 Parameters for PV system， inverter and battery system［21-22］

光伏组件		并网逆变器		蓄电池
参数	数值	参数	数值	参数	数值
最大功率/W	255	额定交流输出功率/W	3000	标称电压/V	48
开路电压/V	37.8	单路最大输入电流/A	12	标称容量/(A·h)	50
短路电流/A	8.95	MPPT电压范围/V	150~550	放电电压/V	45~54
组件效率/%	15.67	MPPT效率/%	99.5	设计寿命/a	10
最大功率温度系数/(%/℃)	-0.41	最大效率/%	97.5	充电电压/V	52.5~54
额定电池工作温度/℃	44	蓄电池电压范围/V	42~59	循环次数	>6000 (80% DOD)
寿命/a	25	寿命/a	10

图2 用户夏季典型日用电负荷

Fig.2 Estimated load for a typical summer day

图3 控制策略流程

Fig.3 Flow chart for energy dispatch strategies

图4 两种不同策略下蓄电池容量与净现值关系

Fig.4 Correlation curves between battery size and NPV under two strategies

图5 两种策略下蓄电池容量与光伏自给率、用户自用率关系

Fig.5 Correlation curves between battery size and SSR, SCR under two strategies

图6 净现值与用户自用率、光伏自给率关系

Fig.6 Correlation curves between NPV and SSR, SCR

图7 典型日基础策略下晴天上海市系统能流

Fig.7 Simulated energy flow of a sunny day in Shanghai under basic operation strategy

图8 上海市地区基础策略全年蓄电池容量荷电状态

Fig.8 Yearly simulated SOC in Shanghai under basic strategies

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