多层主动磁回热器的仿真优化

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201582

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

借助Comsol多物理场仿真软件构建了一维瞬态磁制冷模型，考察了在特定工况下由3种不同居里温度的磁热工质（a、b、c）所构成的单层、双层和三层回热器，研究了不同填充比例与高温端温度对主动磁回热器的性能影响。仿真结果表明，当主动磁回热器均匀填充时，三层回热器性能好于单层和双层；当双层回热器非均匀比例填充时，发现在填充比为3∶7时性能最佳。相对于5∶5填充的双层回热器，3∶7比例填充的回热器冷量提高了6.02%，对应的COP提高了3.5%；同时对比三层回热器（即算例c），最大冷量提高了1.13%。在考察不同高温端温度对3种回热器的性能影响时，不同高温端温度下不同的填充方式选择对回热器的性能影响较大。

关键词: 室温磁制冷, 温室气体, 数值模拟, 热力学, 多层回热器

Abstract:

In this paper, a one-dimensional transient model is constructed by using COMSOL multiphysics to investigate the single-layer, double-layer and three-layer regenerator composed of three kinds of magnetocaloric materials (a, b, c) with different Curie temperatures. The effects of different filling ratios and high temperature end temperature on the performance of active magnetic regenerators are studied. The simulation results show that when the active magnetic regenerator is uniformly filled, the performance of the three-layer regenerator is better than that of the single-layer and double-layer regenerator. When the double-layer regenerator is filled with non-uniform proportion, the performance is the best when the filling ratio is 3∶7. Compared with the double-layer regenerator filled with 5∶5, the cooling capacity of the regenerator filled with 3∶7 ratio is increased by 6.02% and the corresponding COP is increased by 3.5%. Meanwhile, the maximum cooling capacity is increased by 1.13% compared with the three-layer AMR (i.e. example c). In order to investigate the influence of different hot end temperature on the performance of the three regenerators, the different filling methods at different hot end temperatures have a great influence on the performance of AMR.

Key words: room temperature magnetic refrigeration, greenhouse gases, numerical simulation, thermodynamics, multilayer AMR

中图分类号:

TB 651

海鹏, 李振兴, 李珂, 黄红梅, 郑文帅, 高新强, 戴巍, 沈俊. 多层主动磁回热器的仿真优化[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(S1): 302-309.

HAI Peng, LI Zhenxing, LI Ke, HUANG Hongmei, ZHENG Wenshuai, GAO Xinqiang, DAI Wei, SHEN Jun. Simulation and optimization of multilayer active magnetic regenerator[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(S1): 302-309.

图/表 12

图1 小型室温磁制冷系统实物

Fig.1 Physical diagram of a small room temperature magnetic refrigeration system

图2 磁场与流场的运行时序

Fig.2 Sequence diagram of magnetic field and flow field

图3 一维磁制冷几何模型

Fig.3 One dimensional magnetic refrigeration geometric model

表1 磁制冷系统的结构以及运行参数

Table 1 Structure and operation parameters of magnetic refrigeration system

参数	数值
磁场强度H / T	0~1
回热器填充横截面积A_c / mm2	441
运行频率f / Hz	0.5
利用系数U	0 ~ 1.60
回热器填充长度l / mm	100
Gd颗粒平均直径d_p / mm	0.70
孔隙率ε	0.39
换热流体	水

表2 Gd、Gd94Er6以及Gd89Er11的磁热效应与温度的关系

Table 2 Relationship between magnetothermal effect and temperature of Gd， Gd94Er6 and Gd89Er11

工质	居里温度 / K	绝热温变/K
Gd	293（~ 20℃）	3.57
Gd₉₄Er₆	283（~ 10℃）	3.55
Gd₈₉Er₁₁	273（~ 0℃）	3.32

表3 数值模型算例参数

Table 3 Parameters of numerical model

算例	层数	填充工质	各层质量比	利用系数
a1	1	Gd		0.4～1.4
a2	1	Gd₉₄Er₆		0.4～1.4
a3	1	Gd₈₉Er₁₁		0.4～1.4
b1	2	Gd，Gd₉₄Er₆	1∶1	0.4～1.4
b2	2	Gd₉₄Er₆，Gd₈₉Er₁₁	1∶1	0.4～1.4
b3	2	Gd，Gd₈₉Er₁₁	1∶1	0.4～1.4
c	3	Gd，Gd₉₄Er₆，Gd₈₉Er₁₁	1∶1∶1	0.4～1.4

图4 单层AMR的制冷性能与利用系数的关系

Fig.4 Relationship of cooling capacity and COP of monolayer AMR with utilization coefficient

图5 双层AMR的制冷性能与利用系数的关系

Fig.5 Relationship of cooling capacity and COP with utilization coefficient of double-layer AMR

图6 三层AMR的制冷性能与利用系数的关系

Fig.6 Relationship of cooling capacity and COP with utilization coefficient of the three-layer AMR

图7 双层变比例填充AMR的制冷性能与Gd94Er6长度的关系

Fig.7 Relationship of cooling capacity and COP of double-layer variable proportion filled AMR with length of Gd94Er6

表4 三组回热器的组成以及运行参数

Table 4 Composition and operation parameters of three sets of regenerator

磁热工质种类	层数	填充比	高温端温度
Gd，Gd₉₄Er₆	2	5∶5	289.15~299.15 K
Gd，Gd₉₄Er₆	2	3∶7	289.15~299.15 K
Gd，Gd₉₄Er₆，Gd₈₉Er₁₁	3	1∶1∶1	289.15~299.15 K

图8 三组回热器的制冷性能随高温端温度的变化

Fig.8 Refrigerating capacity and COP of three sets of regenerator varied with temperature at the high temperature end

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