喷嘴参数对超临界水热燃烧特性影响的模拟

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

反应器喷嘴的作用是维持水热火焰在复杂流场中保持稳定。建立内预热式蒸腾壁反应器（IPTWR）内甲醇超临界水热燃烧过程计算流体力学模型，分析了喷嘴的材料热物性和结构参数对进料混合特性及火焰结构的影响规律。结果表明，喷嘴材料传热特性的提高使水热火焰朝高温和广域的方向发展；氧气-辅热混合段直径由18 mm减小到14 mm，反应器轴向温度峰值由954.84 K升高到981.60 K，火焰位置向远端移动；随着喷嘴缩进深度减小，水热火焰逐渐向喷嘴出口聚拢，表现为火焰收缩现象。在此喷嘴结构参数范围内小直径的短氧气-辅热混合流道有助于水热火焰的温度升高和聚拢稳定。结果可为内预热式蒸腾壁反应器的喷嘴设计提供理论指导。

关键词: 喷嘴, 反应器, 超临界水, 水热火焰, 计算流体力学

Abstract:

The role of reactor nozzle is to maintain the stability of the hydrothermal flame in a complex flow field. A computational fluid dynamics model of the supercritical hydrothermal combustion process of methanol in an internally preheated transpiration wall reactor (IPTWR) was developed, and the effects of material thermophysical properties and structural parameters of the nozzle on the feed mixing characteristics and flame structure were analyzed. The results show that the improvement of the heat transfer characteristics of the nozzle material makes the hydrothermal flame move toward high temperature and wide area; the diameter of the oxygen-assisted heat mixing section decreases from 18 mm to 14 mm, the peak axial temperature of the reactor increases from 954.84 K to 981.60 K, and the flame position moves toward the distal end; with the decrease of the indentation depth of the nozzle, the hydrothermal flame is gradually converged toward the nozzle outlet, which is manifested as a phenomenon of flame contraction. In this nozzle structure parameter range, the short oxygen-assisted heat mixing flow path with small diameter helps the hydrothermal flame temperature increase and gathering stabilization. Theoretical guidance is provided for the nozzle design of the internal preheated transpiration wall reactor.

Key words: nozzle, reactors, supercritical water, hydrothermal flame, computational fluid dynamics

中图分类号:

TK 16

王芝安, 兰忠, 马学虎. 喷嘴参数对超临界水热燃烧特性影响的模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(6): 2190-2200.

Zhian WANG, Zhong LAN, Xuehu MA. Simulation of effect of nozzle parameters on supercritical hydrothermal combustion characteristics[J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(6): 2190-2200.

图/表 17

图1 内预热式蒸腾壁反应器的简化二维轴对称物理模型

Fig.1 2D axisymmetric simplified physical model of an internally preheated evaporative wall reactor

表1 反应器操作条件

Table 1 Reactor operating conditions

参数	数值
辅助热流体入口流量F_au/(kg·h^-1)	9.53
辅助热流体入口温度T_au/K	825
原料入口流量F_f/(kg·h^-1)	2.97
原料浓度ω_in	0.35
氧化剂入口流量F_ox/(kg·h^-1)	2.45
高温蒸腾水入口流量F_tw1/(kg·h^-1)	19
高温蒸腾水入口温度T_tw1/K	625
低温蒸腾水入口流量F_tw2/(kg·h^-1)	19

图2 网格数量对反应器轴线温度分布的影响

Fig.2 Effect of number of grids on axial temperature distribution of reactor

图3 不同湍流模型下的模拟温度值与实验测量值的比较

Fig. 3 Comparison of simulated temperature values with experimental measurements for different turbulence models

图4 不同喷嘴材料下的温度场分布云图

Fig.4 Temperature field distribution with different nozzle materials

图5 不同喷嘴材料下的氧气流道和甲醇流道内温度变化

Fig.5 Temperature variation in oxygen and methanol runners with different nozzle materials

图6 不同喷嘴材料下的喷嘴流道内速度变化

Fig. 6 Velocity variation in nozzle runner for different nozzle materials

表2 反应器喷嘴尺寸参数

Table 2 Reactor nozzle size parameters

混合流道直径D_m/mm	喷嘴(内)/mm	喷嘴(中)/mm	喷嘴(外)/mm
14	ϕ12×3	ϕ25×5.5	ϕ42×6
15	ϕ13×3.5	ϕ25×5	ϕ42×6
16	ϕ14×4	ϕ25×4.5	ϕ42×6
17	ϕ15×4.5	ϕ25×4	ϕ42×6
18	ϕ16×5	ϕ25×3.5	ϕ42×6

图7 不同喷嘴直径的反应器中心轴线温度变化曲线

Fig.7 Temperature variation curves in center axis of reactor for different nozzle diameters

图8 不同喷嘴直径下的混合流道内轴向速度云图及流线图

Fig.8 Axial velocity maps and streamlines in mixed flow channel for different nozzle diameters

图9 氧气质量分数在混合流道出口上半区的分布曲线（不同混合流道直径）

Fig.9 Distribution curves of oxygen mass fraction in upper half of mixing runner outlet (different mixing runner diameters)

图10 不同喷嘴缩进深度的反应器中心轴线温度分布

Fig.10 Temperature distribution in center axis of reactor for different nozzle indentation depths

图11 喷嘴及火焰区域温度场分布云图

Fig.11 Temperature field distribution in nozzle and flame region

图12 混合流道内距中心轴线不同位置的轴向速度变化曲线

Fig.12 Axial velocity variation curves at different positions from center axis in mixed flow channel

图13 轴向速度在混合流道出口处的分布曲线（不同喷嘴缩进深度）

Fig.13 Distribution curve of axial velocity at outlet of mixing runner (different nozzle indentation depths)

图14 不同喷嘴缩进深度下的喷嘴及火焰区域氧气质量分数分布云图

Fig.14 Oxygen mass fraction distribution in nozzle and flame region for different nozzle indentation depths

图15 氧气质量分数在混合流道出口处的分布曲线（不同喷嘴缩进深度）

Fig.15 Distribution curves of oxygen mass fraction at outlet of mixing runner (different nozzle indentation depths)

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