扩散层孔隙率对燃料电池性能的影响

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240400

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

气体扩散层是质子交换膜燃料电池的关键部件，在电池内用于支撑和保护质子交换膜和催化剂层，并且为电子传导和气体输运提供通道。孔隙率作为扩散层主要参数，其大小影响扩散层特性，最终影响电池性能。所以，为获得较有利的孔隙率，本文建立三维全电池结块模型，计算定值及沿不同方向阶梯型变化孔隙率对电池性能的影响，并且计算不同电压下对应的最佳孔隙率值。结果表明，增大孔隙率可明显提升浓差极化区电池性能，但是会降低欧姆极化区性能。沿流动方向孔隙率增加可改善电池性能，但是孔隙率变化幅度不宜过大，从脊下到流道下孔隙增加可提升电池性能。不同电压下使得电流密度最大时对应的孔隙率不同，且随电压增加而降低，0.2 V时电流密度可提升5.28%。

关键词: 氢能, 质子交换膜燃料电池, 气体扩散层, 孔隙率, 数值模拟

Abstract:

Gas diffusion layer is a key component of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell. It can support and protect the proton exchange membrane and catalyst layer, and provide the channels for electrons conduction and gas transfer. As the main parameter of the diffusion layer, the porosity affects the characteristics of the diffusion layer and ultimately affects the battery performance. In this paper, a 3D agglomerate model is established to study the influence of constant value and stepwise non-uniform distribution on cell performance, and also explore the optimal porosity at different voltages. The results show that increasing porosity can improve cell performance in concentration polarization region, but reduce the performance in ohmic region. Porosity increasing along flow direction is beneficial for cell performance, but the change magnitude should be smaller. Porosity increasing from under rib to under gas channel can enhance cell performance. The optimal porosity is various at different voltages and reduces with voltage increasing, and the current density can be increases by 5.28% at 0.2 V.

Key words: hydrogen energy, proton exchange membrane fuel cell, gas diffusion layer, porosity, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TM 911.4

于瑞佼, 郭航, 叶芳, 陈浩. 扩散层孔隙率对燃料电池性能的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2024, 75(10): 3752-3762.

Ruijiao YU, Hang GUO, Fang YE, Hao CHEN. Effect of gas diffusion layer porosity on fuel cell performance[J]. CIESC Journal, 2024, 75(10): 3752-3762.

图/表 12

图1 模型计算域

Fig.1 Model computation domain

图2 网格无关性验证

Fig.2 Grid independence verification

图3 使用实验结果[29]对模型准确性进行验证

Fig.3 Experimental data[29] used to model validation

图4 电导率未修正时对应的电池性能曲线

Fig.4 Cell performance curve when the conductivity is uncorrected

图5 有效电导率与孔隙率的关系

Fig.5 Relationship between effective conductivity and porosity

图6 电导率修正后对应极化曲线[31]

Fig.6 The polarization curve corresponding to corrected conductivity[31]

图7 不同孔隙率下0.5 V时催化层中氧气浓度

Fig.7 Oxygen concentration under different porosity at 0.5 V

图8 沿流道方向（Y-Axis）阶梯型非均匀孔隙率性能

Fig.8 Stepped non-uniform porosity along Y-Axis

图9 沿垂直流道方向（X-Axis）阶梯型孔隙率性能

Fig.9 Stepped non-uniform porosity along X-Axis

图10 沿厚度方向（Z-Axis）阶梯型非均匀孔隙率性能

Fig.10 Stepped non-uniform porosity along Z-Axis

图11 求解过程

Fig.11 Solution process

图12 优化计算结果

Fig.12 Optimized calculation result

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