可再生能源电解水制氢-低温低压合成氨万吨级工业示范流程设计

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240962

化工学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (2): 825-834.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20240962

• 能源和环境工程 • 上一篇

可再生能源电解水制氢-低温低压合成氨万吨级工业示范流程设计

殷梦凡¹(), 王倩¹, 郑涛¹, 姬奎¹^,², 王绍贵², 郭辉², 林志强², 张睿¹, 孙晖¹, 刘海燕¹, 刘植昌¹, 徐春明¹, 孟祥海¹(), 王月平²()

^1.中国石油大学（北京）重质油全国重点实验室，北京 102249
^2.宁夏和宁化学有限公司，宁夏银川 750411

收稿日期:2024-08-27 修回日期:2024-12-06 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-03-10
通讯作者: 孟祥海,王月平
作者简介:殷梦凡（1997—），女，博士研究生，920045433@qq.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目（氢能专项）(2021YFB4000405)

Process design of 10000 t industrial demonstration of hydrogen production from renewable energy electrolytic water - low temperature and low pressure ammonia synthesis

Mengfan YIN¹(), Qian WANG¹, Tao ZHENG¹, Kui JI¹^,², Shaogui WANG², Hui GUO², Zhiqiang LIN², Rui ZHANG¹, Hui SUN¹, Haiyan LIU¹, Zhichang LIU¹, Chunming XU¹, Xianghai MENG¹(), Yueping WANG²()

^1.State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
^2.Ningxia Hening Chemical Co. , Ltd. , Yinchuan 750411, Ningxia, China

Received:2024-08-27 Revised:2024-12-06 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-03-10
Contact: Xianghai MENG, Yueping WANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氢能是目前最具前景的清洁能源之一，通过可再生能源电解水制氢可以实现绿氢生产，但氢气的高效储存和运输难度较大。氨是高效的储氢材料，但合成氨所需高温高压的反应条件致使过程能耗较高，因此发展可再生能源电解水制氢-低温低压合成氨工艺对于能源绿色转型和企业低碳发展具有重要意义。基于Aspen Plus流程模拟软件，设计开发了可再生能源电解水制氢-低温低压合成氨工艺流程，并结合合成氨工业示范企业的生产条件，合理设计万吨级合成氨示范生产工艺。采用光伏发电联合电网为碱性电解水制氢装置供电，在85℃、1.6 MPa下生产1000 m³/h（标准工况）纯度为99.999%的氢气。为了满足万吨级合成氨需求，进一步结合示范企业现有氮气和氢氮混合气共同进料，在400℃、7 MPa下反应生成氨，经氨冷分离得到纯度为99.9%的液氨产品。此外，对耗能较高的合成氨工艺进行四次换热设计，节省能耗。本研究为可再生能源电解水制氢-低温低压合成氨的工业示范提供参考。

关键词: 再生能源, 电解水, 制氢, 合成氨, 优化设计

Abstract:

Hydrogen energy is one of the most promising clean energy sources. Green hydrogen production can be achieved by electrolyzing water from renewable energy sources, but the efficient storage and transportation conditions of hydrogen are difficult. Ammonia is an efficient hydrogen storage material, but the high temperature and high pressure reaction conditions required for ammonia synthesis lead to high energy consumption. Therefore, the process development of hydrogen production from renewable energy electrolytic water - low temperature and low pressure ammonia synthesis is of great significance for green transformation of energy and low-carbon development of company. Based on Aspen Plus process simulation software, this study designed and developed a process of hydrogen production from renewable energy electrolytic water - low temperature and low pressure ammonia synthesis. Combined with the production conditions of synthetic ammonia industrial demonstration enterprise, a 10000 t synthetic ammonia demonstration production process was reasonably designed. The photovoltaic power generation combined with network electricity was used to supply energy for the alkaline electrolytic water to produce hydrogen, and 1000 m³/h (standard condition) hydrogen with the purity of 99.999% was produced at 85℃ and 1.6 MPa. In order to meet the demand for 10000 t synthetic ammonia, further combined with the existing nitrogen and hydrogen-nitrogen mixture of the industrial demonstration enterprises, the reaction of ammonia synthesis was carried out at 400℃ and 7 MPa, and the liquid ammonia product with a purity of 99.9% was obtained by ammonia cold separation. In addition, the high energy consumption synthetic ammonia process is designed with four heat exchangers to save energy. This study can provide a reference for the industrial demonstration of low temperature and low pressure ammonia synthesis with hydrogen production from renewable energy electrolytic water.

Key words: renewable energy, water electrolysis, hydrogen production, ammonia synthesis, optimal design

中图分类号:

TQ 062⁺.2

殷梦凡, 王倩, 郑涛, 姬奎, 王绍贵, 郭辉, 林志强, 张睿, 孙晖, 刘海燕, 刘植昌, 徐春明, 孟祥海, 王月平. 可再生能源电解水制氢-低温低压合成氨万吨级工业示范流程设计[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(2): 825-834.

Mengfan YIN, Qian WANG, Tao ZHENG, Kui JI, Shaogui WANG, Hui GUO, Zhiqiang LIN, Rui ZHANG, Hui SUN, Haiyan LIU, Zhichang LIU, Chunming XU, Xianghai MENG, Yueping WANG. Process design of 10000 t industrial demonstration of hydrogen production from renewable energy electrolytic water - low temperature and low pressure ammonia synthesis[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(2): 825-834.

图/表 14

参考文献 30

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气体	进料产品气/(kmol/h)	流股2组分流率/(kmol/h)
气体	进料产品气/(kmol/h)	企业实际	NRTL	UNIFAC	RKS-BM	PR	PR-BM
氮气	103.03	0.06	1.96	4.52	0.05	0.06	0.05
氢气	309.17	0.15	0.29	0.00	0.14	0.15	0.24
氨	95.05	73.37	79.00	74.36	73.36	73.37	71.29

气体	进料产品气/(kmol/h)	流股2组分流率/(kmol/h)
气体	进料产品气/(kmol/h)	企业实际	NRTL	UNIFAC	RKS-BM	PR	PR-BM
氮气	103.03	0.06	1.96	4.52	0.05	0.06	0.05
氢气	309.17	0.15	0.29	0.00	0.14	0.15	0.24
氨	95.05	73.37	79.00	74.36	73.36	73.37	71.29

项目	组分流率/(kmol/h)
项目	水	氢气	氧气	K⁺	OH⁻
新鲜水进料	44.69	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
电解槽进料	55.81	0.00	0.01	7.70	7.70
电解槽氢气侧出料	5.58	44.65	0.00	3.85	3.85
电解槽氧气侧出料	5.58	0.00	22.33	3.85	3.85
氢气产品	0.00	44.65	0.00	0.00	0.00
氧气产品	0.00	0.00	22.32	0.00	0.00

项目	组分流率/(kmol/h)
项目	水	氢气	氧气	K⁺	OH⁻
新鲜水进料	44.69	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
电解槽进料	55.81	0.00	0.01	7.70	7.70
电解槽氢气侧出料	5.58	44.65	0.00	3.85	3.85
电解槽氧气侧出料	5.58	0.00	22.33	3.85	3.85
氢气产品	0.00	44.65	0.00	0.00	0.00
氧气产品	0.00	0.00	22.32	0.00	0.00

项目	换热器E202	换热器E203	换热器E204	换热器E205
热负荷/kW	891	519	239	82
总负荷/kW	1731

可再生能源电解水制氢-低温低压合成氨万吨级工业示范流程设计

Process design of 10000 t industrial demonstration of hydrogen production from renewable energy electrolytic water - low temperature and low pressure ammonia synthesis

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参考文献 30

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名称		年消耗量/产量	单价	金额/(10⁴CNY)
原料	水（脱盐水）	6440 t/a	2.5 CNY/t	1.61
	氮气	2666854 m³/a（标准工况）	0.57 CNY/m³（标准工况）	152.01
	氢氮混合气	15685376 m³/a（标准工况）	0.74 CNY/m³（标准工况）	1160.72
	锅炉水	10400 t/a	2.5 CNY/t	2.60
原料总计				1316.94
产品	氧气	5715 t/a	0.04×10⁴CNY/t	228.60
	饱和蒸汽	10400 t/a	0.02×10⁴CNY/t	208.00
	液氨	10019 t/a	0.30×10⁴CNY/t	3005.70
产品总计				3442.30
产品经济潜力				2125.36

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项目	组分流率/(kmol/h)
项目	氮气	氢气	氨
新鲜氮气进料	14.88	0.00	0.00
新鲜氢气进料	0.00	44.65	0.00
新鲜氢氮混合气进料	21.88	65.65	0.00
循环气	102.79	309.63	6.36
氨合成塔出口气	102.80	309.65	79.87
氨分离罐S201气相出料	102.78	309.62	70.47
氨分离罐S201液相出料	0.01	0.03	9.41
氨冷凝分离器S202气相出料	102.75	309.54	6.35
氨冷凝分离器S202液相出料	0.03	0.08	64.12
减压缓冲罐S203气相出料	0.03	0.09	0.01
减压缓冲罐S203液相出料	0.01	0.02	73.51
液氨产品	0.01	0.02	73.51

项目	组分流率/(kmol/h)
项目	氮气	氢气	氨
新鲜氮气进料	14.88	0.00	0.00
新鲜氢气进料	0.00	44.65	0.00
新鲜氢氮混合气进料	21.88	65.65	0.00
循环气	102.79	309.63	6.36
氨合成塔出口气	102.80	309.65	79.87
氨分离罐S201气相出料	102.78	309.62	70.47
氨分离罐S201液相出料	0.01	0.03	9.41
氨冷凝分离器S202气相出料	102.75	309.54	6.35
氨冷凝分离器S202液相出料	0.03	0.08	64.12
减压缓冲罐S203气相出料	0.03	0.09	0.01
减压缓冲罐S203液相出料	0.01	0.02	73.51
液氨产品	0.01	0.02	73.51