化工学报 ›› 2016, Vol. 67 ›› Issue (6): 2187-2194.DOI: 10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20151738

• 综述与专论 • 上一篇    下一篇

压力延滞渗透膜的研究进展

王秀蘅1, 卢建东1, 邹亚超1, 尤世界1, 汤初阳2   

  1. 1. 哈尔滨工业大学城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室, 黑龙江 哈尔滨 150090;
    2. 香港大学土木工程学院, 中国 香港
  • 收稿日期:2015-11-19 修回日期:2016-03-24 出版日期:2016-06-05 发布日期:2016-06-05
  • 通讯作者: 王秀蘅

Development of pressure retarded osmosis membrane

WANG Xiuheng1, LU Jiandong1, ZOU Yachao1, YOU Shijie1, TANG Chuyang2   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, Heilongjiang, China;
    2. Department of Civil Engineering, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
  • Received:2015-11-19 Revised:2016-03-24 Online:2016-06-05 Published:2016-06-05

摘要:

压力延滞渗透(pressure retarded osmosis,PRO)是一种利用不同浓度溶液间渗透压差进行产能的新型膜技术。膜是PRO过程的核心元件,对其产能效果有巨大影响。PRO膜需要有良好的水渗透性和较高的截留率,并具有足够的强度承受高压。首先阐述了PRO过程对膜性能的要求,然后从活性层、支撑层及物理/化学预处理3个方面归纳了当前广泛使用的非对称膜的研究进展,总结了膜材料、制备过程和预处理等对膜性能的影响。同时,归纳了对称膜及准对称膜方面的研究状况,两者可有效降低膜的内部浓差极化现象(ICP),是未来PRO膜研究的一个重要方向。

关键词: 压力延滞渗透, 渗透, 浓差极化, 活性层, 支撑层, 对称, 膜, 脱盐

Abstract:

Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) is a new membrane technology to produce renewable energy from osmotic pressure difference of two solutions with different concentration. Membrane used in the PRO process requires high water permeability, effective rejection of salt and ideal mechanical strength in order to achieve an excellent energy production. This paper explains the basic requirements of PRO membranes and summaries the development of the widely-used asymmetric membranes from the aspects of active layer, support layer and pre-treatment, showing the effects of membrane material, preparation and pre-treatment on the membrane performance. Meanwhile, the paper induces the research status of symmetric and quasi-symmetric membranes, which could significantly mitigate internal concentration polarization (ICP) and become a research focus in the future.

Key words: pressure retarded osmosis, permeation, concentration polarization, active layer, support layer, symmetric, membrane, desalination

中图分类号: