双塔微型变压吸附制氧机实验和模拟

doi:10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20180729

化工学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 70 ›› Issue (3): 969-978.DOI: 10.11949/j.issn.0438-1157.20180729

双塔微型变压吸附制氧机实验和模拟

田涛¹(),刘冰²,石梅生¹,安亚雄²,马军¹,张彦军¹,徐新喜¹(),张东辉²()

1. 军事科学院系统工程研究院卫勤保障技术研究所，天津 300161
2. 天津大学化工学院，化学工程联合国家重点实验室，天津 300072

收稿日期:2018-07-04 修回日期:2018-09-19 出版日期:2019-03-05 发布日期:2019-03-05
通讯作者: 徐新喜,张东辉
作者简介:<named-content content-type="corresp-name">田涛</named-content>（1979—），男，硕士，工程师，<email>wzstiantao@163.com</email>|徐新喜（1965—），男，博士，研究员，<email>xuxx1@sohu.com</email>|张东辉（1971—），男，博士，副研究员，<email>donghuizhang@tju.edu.cn</email>
基金资助:
军队后勤科研重大项目(AWS13Z006);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0806404)

Experiment and simulation of PSA process for small oxygen generator with two adsorption beds

Tao TIAN¹(),Bing LIU²,Meisheng SHI¹,Yaxiong AN²,Jun MA¹,Yanjun ZHANG¹,Xinxi XU¹(),Donghui ZHANG²()

1. Institute of Medical Support Technology, Academy of System Engineering of Academy, Military Science of Chinese PLA, Tianjin 300161, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China

Received:2018-07-04 Revised:2018-09-19 Online:2019-03-05 Published:2019-03-05
Contact: Xinxi XU,Donghui ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

设计一种两吸附床小型PSA制氧机，并在低压舱内模拟海拔高度对两吸附床小型PSA制氧机的影响，同时对结构参数以及操作参数的影响进行考察，建立制氧工艺流程数学模型，通过实验对比，微调模型使之与实际相符，验证模型的准确性，并开展数值仿真与模拟研究，以确定相关的内在参数及外部因素对制氧过程及制氧效果等性能指标的影响规律，得到不同海拔不同工况下，较优的设计参数和操作参数，从而提高制氧效率，降低制氧机的制造和运行成本。

关键词: 微型变压吸附, 数值模拟, 模型, 高原海拔, 空气分离, 实验验证

Abstract:

A small two-bed pressure swing adsorption oxygen generator was designed and a series of experiments were carried out in the low-pressure cabin. The influences of structure and operating parameters were investigated simultaneously. The mathematic model of oxygen production process was established. The model was matched with the experiment results to verify the accuracy of the model. Numerical simulation and simulation researches were carried out to determine the relevant intrinsic parameters and external factors on the process of oxygen production and the effect of oxygen production. Performance of oxygen generator at different altitudes with different operating conditions, design parameters and operating parameters were studied to improve the oxygen production efficiency and reduce the manufacturing and operating costs of oxygen generator.

Key words: small pressure swing absorption, numerical simulation, model, plateau altitude, air separation, experimental validation

中图分类号:

TQ 028.1

田涛, 刘冰, 石梅生, 安亚雄, 马军, 张彦军, 徐新喜, 张东辉. 双塔微型变压吸附制氧机实验和模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(3): 969-978.

Tao TIAN, Bing LIU, Meisheng SHI, Yaxiong AN, Jun MA, Yanjun ZHANG, Xinxi XU, Donghui ZHANG. Experiment and simulation of PSA process for small oxygen generator with two adsorption beds[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(3): 969-978.

图/表 18

图1 吸附等温线测定装置

Fig.1 Apparatus for adsorption isotherm measuring

图2 不同温度下N2和O2吸附等温线

Fig.2 N2 and O2 adsorption isotherm on LiLSX at different temperatures

图3 两塔变压吸附制氧装置

Fig.3 Diagram of two-bed PSA oxygen generation apparatus

表1 两塔变压吸附工艺过程时间顺序

Table 1 Schedule for two-bed PSA process

Bed	Time/s
Bed	4—9		0.8	4—9		0.8
1	AD		ED	PP	PUR	ER
2	PP	PUR	ER	AD		ED

表2 两塔变压吸附工艺吸附塔数学模型[29,30,31]

Table 2 Mathematical model of bed for two-bed PSA process

Model equation	Mathematical expression
mass balance	$- ε b D a x, i ? 2 C i ? z 2 + ? (v g C i) ? z + (ε b + (1 - ε b) ε p) ? C i ? t + ρ s (1 - ε b) ? q i ? t = 0$ $D a x, i = 0.73 D m, i + v g r p ε b 1 + 9.49 ε b D m, i 2 v g r p$	(1) (2)
energy balance gas phase solid phase bed wall	$- k g ? 2 T g ? z 2 + c v g v g ρ g ? T g ? z + ε b c v g ρ g ? T g ? t + P ? v g ? z + h f (T g - T s) + 4 h w D b (T g - T 0) = 0$	(3)
	$- k s ? 2 T s ? z 2 + c p s ρ s ? T s ? t + ρ s ∑ i = 1 n (c p a, i q i) ? T s ? t + ρ s ∑ i = 1 n Δ H i ? q i ? t - h f (T g - T s) = 0$	（4）
	$k w ? 2 T w ? z 2 + c p w ρ w ? T w ? z - h w 4 D b (D b + W t) 2 - D b 2 (T g - T w) + h a m b 4 (D b + W t) 2 (D b + W t) 2 - D b 2 (T w - T a m b) = 0$	(5)
momentum balance	$- ? P ? z = 150 μ (1 - ε b) 2 ε b 3 (2 r p ψ) 2 + 1.75 M (1 - ε b) ρ g 2 r p ψ ε b 3 v g v g$	(6)
adsorption balance	$q i * = q m, i b i P i 1 + ∑ i = 1 n b i P i, b i = b 0 i e x p (- Δ H i / R g T), - Δ H i = R g T ? l n P i ? T q$	(7)
adsorption rate	$? q i ? t = k L D F, i (q i * - q i) = 15 D e, i r p 2 (q i * - q i), D e, i = ε p τ D k, i D m, i D k, i + D m, i, D k, i = 97.0 r p T M i$	(8)
purity	$p u r i t y O 2 = ∫ 0 t c y c l e F o u t y o u t, O 2 d t ∫ 0 t c y c l e F o u t d t$	（9）
recovery	$r e c o v e r y O 2 = ∫ 0 t c y c l e F o u t y o u t, O 2 d t ∫ 0 t c y c l e F i n y i n, O 2 d t$	（10）
productivity	$p r o d u c t i v i t y O 2 = 3600 ∫ 0 t F / A D F o u t y o u t, O 2 d t 2 t c y c l e w a d s W a d s = ρ p (1 - ε b) π H b R b 2$	（11）
valve	$F = C V (P i n - P o u t)$	（12）

表2 两塔变压吸附工艺吸附塔数学模型[29,30,31]

Table 2 Mathematical model of bed for two-bed PSA process

Model equation	Mathematical expression
mass balance	$- ε b D a x, i ? 2 C i ? z 2 + ? (v g C i) ? z + (ε b + (1 - ε b) ε p) ? C i ? t + ρ s (1 - ε b) ? q i ? t = 0$ $D a x, i = 0.73 D m, i + v g r p ε b 1 + 9.49 ε b D m, i 2 v g r p$	(1) (2)
energy balance gas phase solid phase bed wall	$- k g ? 2 T g ? z 2 + c v g v g ρ g ? T g ? z + ε b c v g ρ g ? T g ? t + P ? v g ? z + h f (T g - T s) + 4 h w D b (T g - T 0) = 0$	(3)
	$- k s ? 2 T s ? z 2 + c p s ρ s ? T s ? t + ρ s ∑ i = 1 n (c p a, i q i) ? T s ? t + ρ s ∑ i = 1 n Δ H i ? q i ? t - h f (T g - T s) = 0$	（4）
	$k w ? 2 T w ? z 2 + c p w ρ w ? T w ? z - h w 4 D b (D b + W t) 2 - D b 2 (T g - T w) + h a m b 4 (D b + W t) 2 (D b + W t) 2 - D b 2 (T w - T a m b) = 0$	(5)
momentum balance	$- ? P ? z = 150 μ (1 - ε b) 2 ε b 3 (2 r p ψ) 2 + 1.75 M (1 - ε b) ρ g 2 r p ψ ε b 3 v g v g$	(6)
adsorption balance	$q i * = q m, i b i P i 1 + ∑ i = 1 n b i P i, b i = b 0 i e x p (- Δ H i / R g T), - Δ H i = R g T ? l n P i ? T q$	(7)
adsorption rate	$? q i ? t = k L D F, i (q i * - q i) = 15 D e, i r p 2 (q i * - q i), D e, i = ε p τ D k, i D m, i D k, i + D m, i, D k, i = 97.0 r p T M i$	(8)
purity	$p u r i t y O 2 = ∫ 0 t c y c l e F o u t y o u t, O 2 d t ∫ 0 t c y c l e F o u t d t$	（9）
recovery	$r e c o v e r y O 2 = ∫ 0 t c y c l e F o u t y o u t, O 2 d t ∫ 0 t c y c l e F i n y i n, O 2 d t$	（10）
productivity	$p r o d u c t i v i t y O 2 = 3600 ∫ 0 t F / A D F o u t y o u t, O 2 d t 2 t c y c l e w a d s W a d s = ρ p (1 - ε b) π H b R b 2$	（11）
valve	$F = C V (P i n - P o u t)$	（12）

表3 吸附塔和吸附剂相关参数

Table 3 Physical characteristics of adsorption bed and adsorbent

Parameter	Value
H_b/m	0.339
D_b/m	0.068
W_t/m	0.001
r_p/m	6.0× 10^-4
ρ_b /(kg·m^-3)	610.0
k_w/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	17.0
k_s/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	0.30
k_g/(W·m^-1·K^-1)	0.024
c_p_w /(kJ·kg^-1·K^-1)	0.502
c_p_s /(kJ·kg^-1·K^-1)	0.902
c_v_g /(kJ·kg^-1·K^-1)	0.758
H_amb/(W·m^-2·K^-1)	22.3
h_w/(W·m^-2·K^-1)	10.0
h_f/(W·m^-2·K^-1)	60.0
ε_b	0.33
ε_p	0.53
ρ_w /(kg·m^-3)	7800
T_amb/K	298.15

表4 Langmuir吸附模型中N2/O2/Ar参数

Table 4 Parameters of Langmuir adsorption model for N2/O2/Ar

Parameter	Ar	N₂	O₂
IP₁/(mol·kg^-1·kPa^-1)	1.16× 10^-8	2.72× 10^-9	1.16× 10^-8
IP₂/K	1406	2465	1406
IP₃/kPa^-1	1.86× 10^-6	1.11× 10^-6	1.86× 10^-6
IP₄/K	1406	2465	1406
ΔH/(kJ^-1·mol^-1)	-13.478	-24.57	-13.478
c_p_a/(kJ·kmol^?1·K^?1)	20.8	29.06	29.09

表5 边界条件汇总

Table 5 Summary of boundary conditions for each step

Step	z=0	z=L
adsorption(AD step)
	$P z = 0 = P f e e d$	$P z = L = P o u t l e t$
	$u 0, i n l e t C i n l e t, i z = 0 = u 0 C i - ε b D a x C ? y i ? z$	$? C i ? z z = L = 0$
	$u 0, i n l e t C i n l e t z = 0 = u 0 C$	$? T g ? z z = L = 0$
	$u 0, i n l e t C i n l e t c p T i n e r t z = 0 = u 0 C c p T g - k g ? T g ? z$
equalization repressurization(ER step)
	$? C i ? z z = 0 = 0$	$? C i ? z z = L = 0$
	$u 0 z = 0 = 0$	$P z = L = P o u t l e t$
	$? T g ? z z = 0 = 0$	$? T g ? z z = L = 0$
equalization depressurization(ED step)
	$? C i ? z z = 0 = 0$	$u 0, i n l e t C i n l e t, i z = L = u 0 C i - ε b D a x C ? y i ? z$
	$u 0 z = 0 = 0$	$u 0, i n l e t C i n l e t z = L = u 0 C$
	$? T g ? z z = 0 = 0$	$u 0, i n l e t C i n l e t c p T i n e r t z = L = u 0 C c p T g - k g ? T g ? z$
PUR(product upper gas purge step)
	$? C i ? z z = 0 = 0$	$u 0, i n l e t C i n l e t, i z = L = u 0 C i - ε b D a x C ? y i ? z$
	$P z = 0 = P o u t l e t$	$u 0, i n l e t C i n l e t z = L = u 0 C$
	$? T g ? z z = 0 = 0$	$u 0, i n l e t C i n l e t c p T i n e r t z = L = u 0 C c p T g - k g ? T g ? z$
PP(purge product gas step)
	$? C i ? z z = 0 = 0$ $u 0 z = 0 = 0$ $? T g ? z z = 0 = 0$	$u 0, i n l e t C i n l e t, i z = L = u 0 C i - ε b D a x C ? y i ? z$ $u 0, i n l e t C i n l e t z = L = u 0 C$ $u 0, i n l e t C i n l e t c p T i n e r t z = L = u 0 C c p T g - k g ? T g ? z$

表5 边界条件汇总

Table 5 Summary of boundary conditions for each step

Step	z=0	z=L
adsorption(AD step)
	$P z = 0 = P f e e d$	$P z = L = P o u t l e t$
	$u 0, i n l e t C i n l e t, i z = 0 = u 0 C i - ε b D a x C ? y i ? z$	$? C i ? z z = L = 0$
	$u 0, i n l e t C i n l e t z = 0 = u 0 C$	$? T g ? z z = L = 0$
	$u 0, i n l e t C i n l e t c p T i n e r t z = 0 = u 0 C c p T g - k g ? T g ? z$
equalization repressurization(ER step)
	$? C i ? z z = 0 = 0$	$? C i ? z z = L = 0$
	$u 0 z = 0 = 0$	$P z = L = P o u t l e t$
	$? T g ? z z = 0 = 0$	$? T g ? z z = L = 0$
equalization depressurization(ED step)
	$? C i ? z z = 0 = 0$	$u 0, i n l e t C i n l e t, i z = L = u 0 C i - ε b D a x C ? y i ? z$
	$u 0 z = 0 = 0$	$u 0, i n l e t C i n l e t z = L = u 0 C$
	$? T g ? z z = 0 = 0$	$u 0, i n l e t C i n l e t c p T i n e r t z = L = u 0 C c p T g - k g ? T g ? z$
PUR(product upper gas purge step)
	$? C i ? z z = 0 = 0$	$u 0, i n l e t C i n l e t, i z = L = u 0 C i - ε b D a x C ? y i ? z$
	$P z = 0 = P o u t l e t$	$u 0, i n l e t C i n l e t z = L = u 0 C$
	$? T g ? z z = 0 = 0$	$u 0, i n l e t C i n l e t c p T i n e r t z = L = u 0 C c p T g - k g ? T g ? z$
PP(purge product gas step)
	$? C i ? z z = 0 = 0$ $u 0 z = 0 = 0$ $? T g ? z z = 0 = 0$	$u 0, i n l e t C i n l e t, i z = L = u 0 C i - ε b D a x C ? y i ? z$ $u 0, i n l e t C i n l e t z = L = u 0 C$ $u 0, i n l e t C i n l e t c p T i n e r t z = L = u 0 C c p T g - k g ? T g ? z$

表6 两塔变压吸附工艺模拟与实验结果汇总

Table 6 Summary of simulation and experiment results for two-bed PSA process

Altitude /m	Tower high/mm	Adsorption time/s	Pore size/mm	Q_out/ (L·min^-1)	Purity/%		Recovery/%
Altitude /m	Tower high/mm	Adsorption time/s	Pore size/mm	Q_out/ (L·min^-1)	Simulation	Experiment	Simulation	Experiment
2000	339	7	0.9	5.00	94.86	94.30	35.73	35.63
3000	339	7	0.9	5.00	92.64	94.00	40.95	41.59
4000	339	7	0.9	5.00	86.41	91.85	45.16	48.20
5000	339	7	0.9	5.00	80.98	83.75	47.24	48.95
3000	226	3	0.9	5.00	91.22	90.01	39.04	38.64
3000	226	4	0.9	5.00	92.17	91.89	40.37	40.13
3000	226	5	0.9	5.00	93.19	92.35	41.66	41.41
3000	226	6	0.9	5.00	92.93	91.40	42.36	41.79
3000	226	7	0.9	5.00	92.24	89.41	42.97	41.78
5000	339	9	0.6	4.40	88.31	90.56	48.11	49.00
5000	339	9	0.7	4.40	89.24	91.57	48.05	48.97
5000	339	9	0.8	4.40	90.23	92.95	47.80	48.90
5000	339	9	0.9	4.40	88.72	93.15	46.21	48.19
5000	339	9	1.0	4.40	88.14	92.05	45.87	47.58

图4 不同海拔高度的大气压和空气的进料量

Fig.4 Atmospheric pressure and feed rate of air at different altitudes

图5 不同海拔高度下单次循环塔内压力变化

Fig.5 Pressure variation of single cycle in tower at different altitudes

图6 不同海拔高度下O2的收率与纯度

Fig.6 Purity and recovery of O2 under different altitude

表7 单周期内氧气物料衡算

Table 7 Material balance of O2 in CSS

Altitude/

Q_out/

(L·min^-1)

(PO₂^*/FO₂^*)/%

(W^*O₂^*/FO₂^*)/%

Composition of pressure equalization gas

图7 不同吸附时间下N2在吸附床层内的浓度分布

Fig.7 Concentration distribution of N2 in adsorption bed under different adsorption time

图8 不同吸附时间下O2的收率与纯度

Fig.8 Purity and recovery of O2 under different adsorption time

图9 不同冲洗孔对应的冲洗气流量

Fig.9 Flushing gas flow at different time under different pore size

图10 不同冲洗孔对应的床层压力

Fig.10 Adsorption bed pressure at different time under different pore size

图11 不同冲洗孔孔径下O2的收率与纯度

Fig.11 Purity and recovery of O2 under different pore size

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双塔微型变压吸附制氧机实验和模拟

Experiment and simulation of PSA process for small oxygen generator with two adsorption beds

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