变温吸附碳捕集系统能效性能实验研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20191075

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

燃烧后CO₂捕集技术（PCC）因易于与既有电厂结合而被认为是一项减少二氧化碳排放的重要技术。化学吸收、吸附和膜分离是PCC的主流技术。在CO₂吸附技术类中，变温吸附（TSA）是一种有效的吸附方法。近年来，TSA技术的能源消耗和能源转换效率问题成为人们对其大规模部署的关注焦点。然而，大多数的研究都是将数学模型和仿真方法应用于TSA的性能评估，缺乏足够的实验研究支持。为了对TSA系统的能源转化效率进行实验分析，开发了一套四步法TSA系统，能效性能是基本分离性能外的主要考察指标。实验采用沸石13X-APG作为吸附剂材料，根据实验测得的两组吸附等温线，计算了CO₂/N₂的吸附选择性系数。通过进气CO₂浓度、解吸时间、吸附温度和解吸温度对纯度、回收率、单位能耗和第二定律效率的影响分析，得到了4组实验结果。结果表明，第二定律效率的范围为3.24%～9.23%，回收率和纯度最高分别为83.97%和94.70%。解吸温度和进气CO₂浓度的升高，吸附温度的降低有利于分离及能效性能提升。延长解吸时间有利于分离和能效提升，但过长的操作时间反而使得效果变差，这会对工程中的运行策略优化产生积极的指导意义。

关键词: 实验研究, 二氧化碳捕集, 吸附（作用）, 分离, 能效

Abstract:

Post-combustion CO₂ capture (PCC) is considered to be an important technology for reducing carbon dioxide emissions owing to its easy retrofit to power plants. Chemical absorption, adsorption and membrane separation are typical mainstreams in PCC. In technological cluster of CO₂ adsorption, temperature swing adsorption (TSA) is one of efficient methods. In recent years, the topic on energy consumption and energy efficiency of TSA is emerging as an urgent response to the possible large-scale deployment of CCS. However, most studies apply mathematical model and simulation method for performance assessment for TSA, without enough specific supports from experiment researches. To conduct an experiment-guided analysis on the energy-efficiency of TSA, a 4-step TSA apparatus was designed and developed. The separation and energy-efficiency performance are the main performance indicators in the analysis. Zeolite 13X-APG was employed in experiment and its selectivity of CO₂ over N₂ was obtained according to isotherms of two components measured experimentally. Four groups of experiment results were obtained for affect analysis from CO₂ concentration, desorption duration, adsorption temperature and desorption temperature to the purity, recovery rate, specific energy consumption and second-law efficiency. The results show that the range of second-law efficiency is between 3.24% and 9.23% with the maximum recovery rate of 83.97% and purity of 94.70%. Increase of desorption temperature and CO₂ concentration, decrease of adsorption temperature lead to the improvement of separation and energy-efficiency performance. Extending the desorption time benefits the separation performance. However, such longer operation time probably causes a bad performance, which may be propitious to the optimization of operation strategy for TSA system.

Key words: experimental investigation, CO₂ capture, adsorption, separation, energy efficiency

中图分类号:

TK 11

刘博文, 邓帅, 李双俊, 赵力, 杜振宇, 陈丽锦. 变温吸附碳捕集系统能效性能实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(S1): 382-390.

Bowen LIU, Shuai DENG, Shuangjun LI, Li ZHAO, Zhenyu DU, Lijin CHEN. Experimental investigation on energy-efficiency performance of temperature swing adsorption system for CO₂ capture[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(S1): 382-390.

图/表 13

图1 吸附法碳捕集技术能耗调研

Fig.1 Research on specific energy consumption of adsorption methods

图2 四步法TSA系统

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of 4-step TSA system

图3 四步法TSA系统实物

Fig.3 Photo of 4-step TSA system

表1 吸附腔及系统运行参数

Table 1 Details of column and operation parameters

参数名称	数值
吸附腔外径/mm	80
吸附腔长度/mm	760
腔体壁厚/mm	2
腔内换热管外径/mm	10
腔内换热管总长/mm	1463
腔内换热管壁厚/mm	1
进气压力/kPa	100
进气流量/(L·s^-1)	0.13

图4 四步法TSA循环

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of 4-step TSA cycle

图5 运行参数对系统能效性能影响实验组织思路

Fig.5 Experimental organization diagram of operation parameters impact on energy sufficiency

图6 CO2和N2在沸石13X-APG上的吸附等温线及Toth模型拟合结果

Fig.6 Adsorption isotherms of CO2 and N2 on zeolite 13X-APG at 298, 313, 333，353 K, fitting result of Toth model

表2 Toth模型参数

Table 2 Toth model parameters of isotherms for CO2 and N2 on zeolite 13X-APG

参数	CO₂	N₂
q_m/(mol·kg^-1)	5.445	1.014
k₀/Pa^-1	5.330×10^-9	2.260×10^-8
ΔH/(kJ·mol^-1)	-26.05	-13.36
n	0.5506	0.4376

表3 吸附剂工作容量及CO2/N2选择性系数

Table 3 CO2 working capacity and CO2 over N2 selectivity under experimental conditions

CO₂浓度/%	吸附温度/K	解吸温度/K	S
15	288	363	8.579
15	288	373	9.614
15	288	383	10.51
15	280	363	11.72
15	273	363	12.20
17	288	363	11.44
19	288	363	12.27

图7 解吸时长对系统影响

Fig.7 Impact of desorption time on system

图8 进气CO2浓度对系统分离及能效性能影响

Fig.8 Impact of CO2 concentration on separation performance and energy efficiency

图9 吸附温度对系统分离及能效性能影响

Fig.9 Impact of adsorption temperature on separation performance and energy efficiency

图10 解吸温度对系统分离及能效性能影响

Fig.10 Impact of desorption time on separation performance and energy efficiency

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