一种双扭转流换热器壳程传热性能与机理分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201169

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

双扭转流换热器是一种新型管壳式换热器，分别建立扭转流换热器和新型双扭转流换热器的周期全截面计算模型，利用计算流体力学（CFD）方法对壳体侧的传热系数、流动阻力和综合性能进行了数值研究。结果表明：在壳程同等质量流量下，双扭转流换热器传热系数与类梯形折流板换热器相比降低24.4%~27.9%，压降降低63.3%~71.0%，综合性能增加1.2%~4.1%。通过场协同原理对其传热和降阻机理进行了分析，表明双扭转流换热器速度与压力梯度协同较好，扭转流换热器速度与温度梯度协同性较好。对扭转流换热器进行冷模实验，采用激光多普勒测速仪（LDV）对线上速度进行测量，验证了仿真方法和结果的正确性和准确性。研究模型与结论可为换热器的结构开发与性能研究提供参考。

关键词: 双扭转流换热器, 计算流体力学, 场协同原理, 激光多普勒测速仪

Abstract:

Double torsion flow heat exchanger is a new type of shell-and-tube heat exchanger. The periodic full-section calculation models of trapezoidal baffle heat exchangers and new double torsion flow heat exchangers are established respectively. The computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method is used to numerically study the heat transfer coefficient, flow resistance and comprehensive performance of the shell side. The results show that at the same mass flow rate in the shell side, the heat transfer coefficient of the double torsion flow heat exchanger is reduced by 24.4%—27.9%, the pressure drop is reduced by 63.3%—71.0%, and the overall performance is increased 1.2%—4.1% compared with the trapezoidal baffle heat exchanger. The heat transfer and resistance reduction mechanism are analyzed through the principle of field synergy, and it is shown that the speed and pressure gradient of the double torsion flow heat exchanger are in good coordination, and the speed and temperature gradient of the torsion flow heat exchanger are in good coordination. The cold model test was carried out on the torsion flow heat exchanger, and the laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) was used to measure the speed on the verification line, which verified the correctness and accuracy of the simulation method and results. The research models and conclusions in this paper can provide references for the structure development and performance research of heat exchangers.

Key words: double torsion flow heat exchanger, computational fluid dynamics, field synergy principle, laser Doppler velocimeter

中图分类号:

TK 124

古新, 宋帅, 张大波, 方运阁, 陈卫杰, 王永庆. 一种双扭转流换热器壳程传热性能与机理分析[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(4): 1987-1997.

GU Xin, SONG Shuai, ZHANG Dabo, FANG Yunge, CHEN Weijie, WANG Yongqing. Analysis of heat transfer performance and mechanism of a double torsion flow heat exchanger[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(4): 1987-1997.

图/表 19

图1 两种换热器壳程结构简图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the shell side structure of the heat exchanger

图2 换热器周期全截面计算模型和内部结构参数

Fig.2 The calculation model and internal structural parameters of the heat exchanger cycle full section

表1 换热器模型基本结构参数

Table 1 Basic structure parameters of the heat exchanger model

参数	数值
筒体直径D/mm	185
换热管长度L/mm	200
换热管数量	37
换热管外径d₀/mm	19
换热管间距t_p/mm	25
换热管排列方式	正三角形
折流板宽度W/mm	80
折流板倾斜角度θ/(°)	45
折流板间距B/mm	100

图3 网格划分示意图

Fig.3 Schematic diagram of meshing

图4 独立性验证

Fig.4 Independence verification

图5 边界条件示意图

Fig.5 Schematic diagram of boundary conditions

图6 传热系数随质量流量的变化

Fig.6 Changes of heat transfer coefficient with mass flow

图7 压降随质量流量的变化

Fig.7 Changes of pressure drop with mass flow

图8 综合性能

Fig.8 Comprehensive performance

图9 壳程流线图

Fig.9 Streamline diagram of shell side

图10 换热器壳程纵向截面速度云图

Fig.10 The velocity cloud diagram of the longitudinal section of the shell side of the heat exchanger

图11 换热器壳程横向截面速度云图

Fig.11 The velocity cloud diagram of the transverse section of the shell side of the heat exchanger

图12 速度与温度梯度分布

Fig.12 Gradient distribution of speed and temperature

图13 速度与压力梯度分布

Fig.13 Gradient distribution of velocity and pressure

图14 实验流程图

Fig.14 Experimental flowchart

表2 实验用仪表汇总

Table 2 Summary of experimental instruments

名称	规格与型号
转子流量计	型号LZB-50，精度2.0级
潜水泵	型号MJ-NS 6500，最大扬程3.5 m
示踪粒子	型号10089（球型），密度0.00105～0.00115 kg·m^-3

图15 实验模型

Fig.15 Experimental model

图16 实验模型验证线

Fig.16 Verification line of experimental model

图17 实验结果

Fig.17 Experimental results

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