过冷流动沸腾中气泡浮升直径的实验及理论研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20211029

化工学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 73 ›› Issue (1): 194-203.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20211029

过冷流动沸腾中气泡浮升直径的实验及理论研究

周培¹(),张秀平²,唐景春¹(),杨磊¹,叶斌¹,黄荣华³

^1.合肥工业大学汽车与交通工程学院，安徽合肥 230009
^2.压缩机技术国家重点实验室（压缩机技术安徽省实验室），安徽合肥 230031
^3.华中科技大学能源与动力工程学院，湖北武汉 430074

收稿日期:2021-07-23 修回日期:2021-10-21 出版日期:2022-01-05 发布日期:2022-01-18
通讯作者: 唐景春
作者简介:周培（1991—），男，博士，讲师，zhoupei@hfut.edu.cn
基金资助:
压缩机技术国家重点实验室(压缩机技术安徽省实验室)开放基金项目(SKL-YSJ201914);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(JZ2021HGTA0150)

Experimental and theoretical study on bubble lift-off diameter in subcooled flow boiling

Pei ZHOU¹(),Xiuping ZHANG²,Jingchun TANG¹(),Lei YANG¹,Bin YE¹,Ronghua HUANG³

^1.School of Automotive and Transportation Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, Anhui, China
^2.State Key Laboratory of Compressor Technology (Anhui Laboratory of Compressor Technology), Hefei 230031, Anhui, China
^3.School of Energy and Power Engineering，Huazhong University of Science and Technology，Wuhan 430074，Hubei, China

Received:2021-07-23 Revised:2021-10-21 Online:2022-01-05 Published:2022-01-18
Contact: Jingchun TANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

研究气泡浮升直径对揭示过冷流动沸腾的传热机理至关重要。为探究流动工况对气泡浮升直径的影响机制，针对发动机缸盖沸腾区域的冷却通道设计了一个水动力相似的矩形实验通道，搭建了过冷流动沸腾可视化实验循环系统。基于该可视化实验系统，研究了系统压力、壁面过热度、流速以及液体过冷度对气泡浮升直径的影响，发现气泡浮升直径随着系统压力、流速以及过冷度的增大而变小，随着壁面过热度的增大而增大。建立了气泡在浮升时刻的力平衡模型，该力平衡模型的预测值与实验值的平均相对误差为12.25%。为了便于工程应用，基于气泡浮升直径的力平衡模型，建立了气泡浮升直径的经验模型，该经验模型的预测值与实验值的平均相对误差为6.80%。

关键词: 气泡, 气液两相流, 模型, 气泡浮升直径, 过冷流动沸腾

Abstract:

The research on the bubble lift-off diameter is very important to reveal the heat transfer mechanism of subcooling flow boiling. Aiming at the cooling channel in the boiling area of ??the engine cylinder head, a rectangular experimental channel with similar hydrodynamics was designed, and a visualized experimental circulation system for supercooled flow boiling was built. To explore the influence mechanism of flow condition on the bubble lift-off diameter, an experiment was carried out by using a high-speed camera to closely observe the bubble behaviors on a horizontal aluminum heating surface under high mass flux. The influence of system pressure, wall superheat, flow velocity and liquid supercooling on the bubble lift-off diameter were studied. It was found that the bubble lift-off diameter decreased with the increase of system pressure, flow rate and subcooling degree, and increased with the increase of wall superheat. In this paper, a force balance model was established for bubble lift-off diameter. The average relative error between the predicted value of the force balance model and the experimental value was 12.25%. In order to facilitate the application of engineering field, the empirical formula of bubble lift-off diameter is established based on force balance model. The empirical formula considered more comprehensive factors and predicted the bubble lift-off diameter with an average relative error of 6.80%.

Key words: bubble, gas-liquid flow, model, bubble lift-off diameter, subcooled flow boiling

中图分类号:

TK 421

周培, 张秀平, 唐景春, 杨磊, 叶斌, 黄荣华. 过冷流动沸腾中气泡浮升直径的实验及理论研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(1): 194-203.

Pei ZHOU, Xiuping ZHANG, Jingchun TANG, Lei YANG, Bin YE, Ronghua HUANG. Experimental and theoretical study on bubble lift-off diameter in subcooled flow boiling[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(1): 194-203.

图/表 14

图1 过冷流动沸腾可视化实验装置示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of subcooled flow boiling experimental device

图2 矩形实验段示意图

Fig.2 Details of the test section assembly

表1 间接测量参数与直接测量参数的误差

Table 1 Measured and calculated parameters and their uncertainties

直接测量参数				间接测量参数
系统压力	热电偶位置	热电偶温度		流速	壁面热流	壁面温度
0.5 kPa	0.05 mm	0.5 K		0.08 m/s	17 kW/m²	0.7 K

图3 气泡浮升直径测量原理

Fig.3 Bubble measurement at the moment of bubble lift-off

图4 不同流速下气泡生长及浮升过程图

Fig.4 Consecutive images of vapor bubble growth under different flow velocities

图5 不同流速下气泡浮升直径随过热度的变化关系

Fig.5 Relationship between bubble lift-off diameter and wall superheat under different flow velocities

图6 不同压力下气泡浮升直径随过热度的变化关系

Fig.6 Relationship between bubble lift-off diameter and wall superheat under different system pressures

图7 不同过冷度下气泡浮升直径随过热度的变化关系

Fig.7 Relationship between bubble lift-off diameter and wall superheat under different subcooling

图8 气泡受力分析示意图

Fig.8 Diagrammatic sketch of forces acting on vapor bubble

表2 气泡受力模型［3］

Table 2 Various forces for force balance model［3］

方向	力模型
x方向	$F s x = - 1.25 d w σ l π α - β π 2 - α - β 2 s i n ? α + s i n ? β$
	$F q s = 6 π ρ l υ l U R 23 + 12 R e b n + 0 . 796 n - 1 / n$ , n=0.65
	$F d u x = - ρ l π R 2 R R ¨ + 32 C s R ˙ 2 s i n ? ?$ ， $C s = 1.5$
y方向	$F s y = - d w σ l π α - β c o s ? α - c o s ? β$
	$F d u y = - ρ l π R 2 R R ¨ + 32 C s R ˙ 2 c o s ? ?$ ， $C s = 1.5$
	$F s l = 12 ρ l U 2 π R 2 3.877 G s 1 / 2 R e b - 2 + 0.118 G s 2 1 / 4$ , $G s = d U d y R U$ , $R e b = 2 U R υ l$
	$F b = 43 π R 3 ρ l - ρ v g$
	$F h = 98 ρ l U 2 π d w 2 4$
	$F c p = π d w 2 4 2 σ l 5 R$

表2 气泡受力模型［3］

Table 2 Various forces for force balance model［3］

方向	力模型
x方向	$F s x = - 1.25 d w σ l π α - β π 2 - α - β 2 s i n ? α + s i n ? β$
	$F q s = 6 π ρ l υ l U R 23 + 12 R e b n + 0 . 796 n - 1 / n$ , n=0.65
	$F d u x = - ρ l π R 2 R R ¨ + 32 C s R ˙ 2 s i n ? ?$ ， $C s = 1.5$
y方向	$F s y = - d w σ l π α - β c o s ? α - c o s ? β$
	$F d u y = - ρ l π R 2 R R ¨ + 32 C s R ˙ 2 c o s ? ?$ ， $C s = 1.5$
	$F s l = 12 ρ l U 2 π R 2 3.877 G s 1 / 2 R e b - 2 + 0.118 G s 2 1 / 4$ , $G s = d U d y R U$ , $R e b = 2 U R υ l$
	$F b = 43 π R 3 ρ l - ρ v g$
	$F h = 98 ρ l U 2 π d w 2 4$
	$F c p = π d w 2 4 2 σ l 5 R$

表3 气泡生长模型

Table 3 Models of bubble growth rate

模型

方程

Zeng模型^[18]

R t = 2 b π J a w a l t

, b=1.0

本文采用的模型^[3]

$d R t d t = 1 C P r - 0.5 J a w a l 0.5 t - 0.5 + 3 π J a T a l 0.5 t - 0.5 m i n ? y s a t 2 R, 1 -$

$a l 2 R J a s u b 2 + 0.6 R e b 0.5 P r 0.3 m a x ? H - y s a t 2 R, 0$ , $H = R 1 + c o s ? α + β 2$

表3 气泡生长模型

Table 3 Models of bubble growth rate

模型

方程

Zeng模型^[18]

R t = 2 b π J a w a l t

, b=1.0

本文采用的模型^[3]

$d R t d t = 1 C P r - 0.5 J a w a l 0.5 t - 0.5 + 3 π J a T a l 0.5 t - 0.5 m i n ? y s a t 2 R, 1 -$

$a l 2 R J a s u b 2 + 0.6 R e b 0.5 P r 0.3 m a x ? H - y s a t 2 R, 0$ , $H = R 1 + c o s ? α + β 2$

图9 气泡浮升直径力平衡模型预测值与实验值的对比

Fig.9 Comparison of bubble lift-off diameters between predicted results by force balance models and experimental results

图10 气泡浮升直径经验模型预测值与实验值对比

Fig.10 Comparison of bubble lift-off diameter between predicted results by empirical models and experimental results

表4 本文气泡浮升直径经验模型适用范围

Table 4 Range of parameters for the new bubble lift-off diameter model

方向	$1 / ρ *$	$J a N, w$	$J a N, s u b$	$P r$	$R e L c$
水平	899~1583	0.014~0.026	0.009~0.029	1.54~1.89	7858~15743

表4 本文气泡浮升直径经验模型适用范围

Table 4 Range of parameters for the new bubble lift-off diameter model

方向	$1 / ρ *$	$J a N, w$	$J a N, s u b$	$P r$	$R e L c$
水平	899~1583	0.014~0.026	0.009~0.029	1.54~1.89	7858~15743

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过冷流动沸腾中气泡浮升直径的实验及理论研究

Experimental and theoretical study on bubble lift-off diameter in subcooled flow boiling

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