肋片和多孔介质强化梯级相变储热系统性能的对比研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20220670

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对于相变材料（PCM）导热性能差引起的梯级相变储热系统传热速率低的问题，利用三维数值仿真研究肋片和多孔介质对梯级相变储能系统放热性能的强化作用，在此基础上提出了梯度孔隙率进一步提升系统的放热性能，从PCM的放热速率和放热效率两个方面对梯级相变储能系统的不同强化方法进行了分析对比。结果表明肋片在显热放热阶段强化传热作用更显著，而多孔介质在潜热放热阶段强化传热更显著。整个放热过程只加入多孔介质比只加入肋片表现出更好的放热性能。同时添加肋片和多孔介质时，梯级相变系统放热性能最优，PCM完全凝固时间减少了40%。三种孔隙率梯度工况下，系统的放热效率无明显差异，但在负梯度孔隙率情况下，放热速率更高且更均匀。相比于正梯度孔隙率的情况，负梯度孔隙率具有更优的热性能。

关键词: 储热, 相变, 传热, 热力学, 性能强化, 梯度孔隙率

Abstract:

Aiming at the problem of low heat transfer rate caused by the poor thermal conductivity of the phase change material, 3-D numerical simulation is used to study the enhancement effect of fins and porous media on the discharging performance of the cascaded latent heat storage system. Gradient porosity is proposed to further improve the discharging performance of the system, and different enhancement methods are analyzed and compared from the two aspects of the discharging rate and efficiency. The results show that adding fins has a more significant effect on heat transfer enhancement in the sensible heat discharging process, while adding porous media is more significant in the latent heat discharging process. Adding only porous media during the whole discharging process shows better thermal performance than adding only fins. When adding fins and porous media at the same time, the discharging performance of the system is the best, and the complete solidification time of PCMs is reduced by 40%. There is no significant difference in the discharging efficiency of the system under the three porosity gradient conditions, but in the case of negative gradient porosity, the discharging rate is higher and more uniform. Compared with the case of positive gradient porosity, negative gradient porosity has better thermal performance.

Key words: heat storage, phase change, heat transfer, thermodynamics, performance enhancement, gradient porosity

中图分类号:

TK 11

沈永亮, 张朋威, 刘淑丽. 肋片和多孔介质强化梯级相变储热系统性能的对比研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(10): 4366-4376.

Yongliang SHEN, Pengwei ZHANG, Shuli LIU. Comparative study on the performance of cascaded latent heat storage system enhanced by fins and porous media[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(10): 4366-4376.

图/表 12

图1 相变材料的DSC曲线

Fig.1 DSC curves of phase change materials

表1 相变材料与多孔介质的物性参数

Table 1 Physical parameters of PCMs and porous media

参数	硬脂酸（PCM1）	石蜡（PCM2）	月桂酸（PCM3）	多孔介质
密度/(kg/m²)	941 (s) 848 (l)^[21]	810 (s) 771 (l)^[22]	1007 (s) 870 (l) ^[21]	800
比热容/(J/(kg·K))	2380^[21]	2100^[22]	2117^[23]	2100
热导率/(W/(m·K))	0.172^[21]	0.2^[22]	0.192^[21]	2.0
黏度/(Pa·s)	3.4×10^-3[21]	4.05×10^{-3 [22]}	5.336×10^-3[23]	—
膨胀系数/K^-1	4.0×10^-5	5.0×10^-5	4.5×10^-5	—
潜热/(J/kg)	227160	182240	187740	—
固相线温度/K	340.66	330.83	316.65	—
熔化温度/K	343.77	333.85	321.35	—

图2 相变储热器结构示意图（单位：mm）

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of the latent heat storage unit

表2 相变储热器物理模型的具体几何尺寸参数

Table 2 The specific geometric parameters of the physical model of the latent heat storage unit

几何参数	数值
相变换热系统储热器总高度	1200 mm
PCM腔体高度	900 mm
PCM填充高度	810 mm
密封盖高度	100 mm
外管内径	200 mm
中管内径	140 mm
内管内径	60 mm
外管、中管和内管的厚度	3 mm
直型肋片厚度×长度×高度	2 mm×30 mm×900 mm
储热器之间距离	600 mm
储热器之间的管道长度	2540 mm
传热流体管道直径	116 mm

图3 梯级相变储热系统物理模型和网格结构

Fig.3 Physical model and mesh grids of cascaded latent heat storage system

图4 梯级相变储热实验系统的示意图和实物图

Fig.4 Schematic and physical diagram of the experimental cascaded latent heat storage system

图5 网格无关性验证和数值模型验证

Fig.5 Mesh independence and numerical model verification

图6 肋片和多孔介质对PCMs放热过程的影响

Fig.6 Effects of fins and porous media on the discharging process of PCMs

表3 三种孔隙率梯度分布情况

Table 3 Three cases of gradient porosity of PCMs

孔隙率分布	PCM1	PCM2	PCM3
正孔隙率梯度	0.85	0.90	0.95
均匀孔隙率梯度	0.90	0.90	0.90
负孔隙率梯度	0.95	0.90	0.85

图7 孔隙率梯度对PCM1和PCM3放热温度的影响

Fig.7 Effect of gradient porosity on temperature of PCM1 and PCM3

图8 孔隙率梯度对PCM1和PCM3液相率的影响

Fig.8 Effect of gradient porosity on liquid fraction of PCM1 and PCM3

图9 孔隙率梯度对放热速率与效率的影响

Fig.9 Effect of gradient porosity on discharging rate and efficiency

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