铝灰半干法水解脱氮研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20221396

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

铝灰属于危险废弃物，若不经过脱氮处理会严重污染环境。为此提出了新型铝灰半干法水解脱氮技术，使铝灰在反应时处于半干的高温碱性状态，并系统考察了各种因素对脱氮率和反应时间的影响。结果表明，固液比为1∶0.45时脱氮效果最好；增加样品反应质量可以提高脱氮率；碱性反应溶液体系可以有效缩短诱导期；研磨预处理对促进水解反应的效果一般。因此铝灰半干法水解脱氮技术的最佳反应条件是反应溶液体系为5%（质量）NaOH，固液比1∶0.45，样品质量大于250 g。此时水解反应时间可缩短至50 min内，脱氮效果最佳，明显优于传统湿法脱氮技术，可以有效解决铝灰废物污染难题。

关键词: 废物处理, 铝灰, 水解, 半干法, 污染, 脱氮

Abstract:

Aluminum ash is a hazardous waste, and it will seriously pollute the environment if it is not denitrified. Therefore, a new semi dry hydrolysis denitrogenation technology of aluminum ash was proposed to make aluminum ash in a semi dry alkaline state at high temperature during reaction. The effects of various factors on denitrogenation rate and reaction time were systematically investigated. The results showed that the denitrification effect was the best when the solid-liquid ratio was 1∶0.45. The denitrification rate could be improved by increasing the reaction quality of the sample. The alkaline reaction solution system could effectively shorten the induction period. Grinding pretreatment had a general effect on promoting the hydrolysis reaction. Therefore, the best reaction condition of aluminum ash semi dry hydrolysis denitrification technology was that the reaction solution system was 5%(mass) NaOH, the solid-liquid ratio was 1∶0.45, and the sample mass was greater than 250 g. At this time, the hydrolysis reaction time could be shortened to 50 min, and the denitrification effect was the best, which was obviously superior to the traditional wet denitrification technology, and could effectively solve the problem of aluminum ash waste pollution.

Key words: waste disposal, aluminum ash, hydrolysis, semi dry method, pollution, denitrogenation

中图分类号:

X 781.1

刘定平, 陈爱桦, 张向阳, 何文浩, 王海. 铝灰半干法水解脱氮研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(3): 1294-1302.

Dingping LIU, Aihua CHEN, Xiangyang ZHANG, Wenhao HE, Hai WANG. Study on semi dry hydrolytic denitrification of aluminum ash[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(3): 1294-1302.

图/表 13

图1 铝灰EPMA分析结果

Fig.1 EPMA analysis results of aluminum ash

表1 铝灰主要元素分析结果

Table 1 Analysis results of main elements of aluminum ash

厂家	质量分数/%
厂家	N	O	Na	Mg	Al	Si	Cl
A	2.24	30.99	8.87	5.80	27.28	0.36	15.46
B	1.13	43.15	4.13	2.10	17.57	12.55	5.00

图2 A组和B组铝灰在不同固液比水解后的脱氮率

Fig.2 Denitrification rate of group A and group B aluminum ash after hydrolysis at different solid-liquid ratios

图3 A组和B组铝灰在不同固液比水解时的温度变化

Fig.3 Hydrolysis temperature variation of group A and group B aluminum ash at different solid-liquid ratios

图4 不同质量铝灰经过半干法处理后的脱氮率

Fig.4 Denitrification rate of aluminum ash with different quality after semi dry treatment

图5 不同质量铝灰采用半干法处理时的温度变化

Fig.5 Temperature change of aluminum ash with different quality treated by semi dry method

图6 不同预处理后铝灰采用半干法处理时的温度变化

Fig.6 Temperature change of aluminum ash after different pre-treatment by semi dry treatment

表2 不同预处理水解后铝灰主要元素含量

Table 2 Main element content of aluminum ash after hydrolysis by different pre-treatment methods

项目	质量分数/%
项目	N	O	Na	Mg	Al	Cl
研磨	0	35.94	9.48	4.73	21.49	18.03
无处理	0	34.89	12.56	4.37	20.6	19.27

图7 Na2CO3体系下铝灰脱氮率

Fig.7 Denitrification rate of aluminum ash in sodium carbonate system

图8 Na2CO3体系下温度变化

Fig.8 Temperature change of sodium carbonate system

图9 NaOH体系下铝灰脱氮率

Fig.9 Denitrification rate of aluminum ash in sodium hydroxide system

图10 NaOH体系下温度变化

Fig.10 Temperature change of sodium hydroxide system

图11 铝灰半干法处理前后EPMA检测图

Fig.11 EPMA inspection diagram of aluminum ash before and after semi dry treatment

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