水平光滑管内CO2流动沸腾的非绝热可视化研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20241348

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

通过对内径5 mm的水平光滑管内流动沸腾的流型进行非绝热可视化研究，获得了实验蒸发温度为7~15℃，热通量为5~35 kW·m^-2，质量流速为100~500 kg·m^-2·s^-1条件下CO₂的流型图。实验结果显示，管内的两相流流型涵盖了泡状流、塞状流、弹状流、分层波浪流、环状流以及雾状流。环状流顶部液膜在中低干度会提前干涸，导致传热系数逐渐下降。降低蒸发温度或提升质量流速有助于稳定管周液膜，有效抑制因提前干涸而导致的传热系数降低现象。当质量流速为400 kg·m^-2·s^-1，热通量为30 kW·m^-2时，蒸发温度为7℃时的管顶部传热系数相较于15℃时高约40%。

关键词: 二氧化碳, 流型图, 流动沸腾, 可视化, 非绝热条件

Abstract:

The flow pattern of CO₂ boiling in a horizontal smooth tube with an inner diameter of 5 mm is visualized under diabatic conditions. The flow pattern maps of CO₂ are obtained for the experimental evaporation temperatures of 7—15℃, heat flux of 5—35 kW·m^-2, and mass flux of 100—500 kg·m^-2·s^-1. The two-phase flow patterns in the tube include bubbly flow, plug flow, slug flow, stratified-wave flow, annular flow and mist flow. The experimental results show that the liquid film at the top of the annular flow dries out prematurely at low to medium quality and the heat transfer coefficient gradually decreases. The reduction of evaporation temperature and the increase of mass flow rate help to stabilize the liquid film around the tube, which can effectively inhibit the decrease of heat transfer coefficient due to early dry-out. When the mass flux is 400 kg·m^-2·s^-1 and the heat flux is 30 kW·m^-2, the heat transfer coefficient at the top of the tube at the evaporation temperature of 7℃ is about 40% higher than that at 15℃.

Key words: CO₂, flow pattern map, flow boiling, visualization, diabatic conditions

中图分类号:

TK 123

孙云龙, 徐肖肖, 黄永方, 郭纪超, 陈卫卫. 水平光滑管内CO₂流动沸腾的非绝热可视化研究[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(S1): 230-236.

Yunlong SUN, Xiaoxiao XU, Yongfang HUANG, Jichao GUO, Weiwei CHEN. Diabatic visualization of CO₂ flow boiling in a horizontal smooth tube[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(S1): 230-236.

图/表 8

图1 实验装置示意图

Fig.1 Schematic of the experimental system

图2 测试段示意图

Fig.2 Schematic of the test section

图3 可视化段示意图

Fig.3 Schematic of the visualization test section

表1 主要物理量的不确定度

Table 1 Uncertainties of main parameters

主要物理量	不确定度
压力/MPa	± 0.2%
流体温度/℃	± 0.1
壁面温度/℃	± 0.1
质量流量/(g·s^-1)	± 0.1%
电压/V	± 0.5%
电流/A	± 0.5%
热通量/(kW·m^-2)	± 2.1%
传热系数/(kW·m^-2·K^-1)	± 2.2%~14.3%
干度	± 3.2%

图4 不同蒸发温度下的CO2流型图

Fig.4 Flow pattern maps of CO2 at several evaporation temperatures

图5 蒸发温度对局部传热系数的影响规律

Fig.5 Effect of evaporation temperature on local heat transfer coefficients

图6 质量流速对局部传热系数的影响规律

Fig.6 Effect of mass flux on local heat transfer coefficients

图7 热通量对局部传热系数的影响规律

Fig.7 Effect of heat flux on local heat transfer coefficients

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水平光滑管内CO₂流动沸腾的非绝热可视化研究

Diabatic visualization of CO₂ flow boiling in a horizontal smooth tube

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