用过期切片面包制备环保超级电容器活性炭电极材料

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190216

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

考虑到世界上每天产生大量的过期面包等过期食品，以过期切片面包为原材料，经碳化、1 mol·L^-1 KOH活化并用稀盐酸中和及去离子水和乙醇洗涤后，制备了过期切片面包活性炭(EBAC)。对过期切片面包活性炭的表面形貌、物相结构、表面官能团、比表面积和孔径分布分别通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、氮气吸脱附(BET)进行了表征。在以3 mol·L^-1 KOH为电解液的三电极体系中，进行了活性炭电极材料的电化学性能测试。充放电曲线显示，在0.5 A·g^-1电流密度下，电极材料比电容达到352 F·g^-1；在5 A·g^-1的电流密度下循环1000次后，比电容保持在99.87%，展示出良好的循环稳定性。交流阻抗测试得到的Nyquist图和Bode图则近一步说明了过期切片面包活性炭具有良好的超级电容器性能。

关键词: 超级电容器, 活性炭, 生物质, 电极材料, 电化学

Abstract:

Considering a large amount of expired foods such as expired bread are generated in the world every day, expired sliced bread activated carbon (EBAC) was prepared from expired sliced bread by carbonization, activation with 1 mol·L^-1 KOH, neutralized with dilute hydrochloric acid, and then washed with deionized water and ethanol. The surface morphology, phase structure, surface functional groups, specific surface area and pore size distribution of expired sliced bread activated carbon were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nitrogen adsorption and desorption (BET). The electrochemical properties of activated carbon electrode materials were tested in a three-electrode system with the 3 mol·L^-1 KOH electrolyte. The charge-discharge curves show that the specific capacitance of the electrode material reaches 352 F·g^-1 at 0.5 A·g^-1 current density. After 1000 cycles at 5 A·g^-1 current density, the specific capacitance remains 99.87%, which shows good cyclic stability. At last, the Nyquist and Bode diagrams obtained by AC impedance measurement also shows that the expired sliced bread activated carbon has good supercapacitor performance.

Key words: supercapacitor, activated carbon, biomass, electrode material, electrochemistry

中图分类号:

TB 383

徐杰, 陈新, 王玲玲. 用过期切片面包制备环保超级电容器活性炭电极材料[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(9): 3582-3589.

Jie XU, Xin CHEN, Lingling WANG. An environmentally friendly activated carbon supercapacitor electrode material preparation with expired sliced bread[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(9): 3582-3589.

图/表 9

图1 过期切片面包的数码照片及其活性炭的扫描电镜图

Fig.1 Image of expired sliced bread and SEM image of expired bread-based activated carbon

表1 EDS过期切片面包活性炭元素分析

Table 1 EDS elemental analysis of expired bread-based activated carbon

Element	Mass fraction/%	Atom fraction/%	Error/%
C	79.40	83.12	9.3
N	6.16	5.53	1.8
O	14.43	11.34	2.5

图2 过期切片面包的热重曲线

Fig.2 TGA curve of expired sliced bread

图3 过期切片面包活性炭XRD谱图

Fig.3 XRD pattern of expired bread-based activated carbon

图4 过期切片面包活性炭红外光谱分析图片

Fig.4 FTIR test of expired bread-based activated carbon

图5 过期切片面包活性炭的氮气吸脱附等温线(a)和孔径分布(b)

Fig.5 Nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherms (a) and pore size distributions (b) of EBAC

图6 过期切片面包活性炭在不同扫描速率下的循环伏安曲线(a)；在不同电流密度下的充放电曲线(b)；倍率性能(c)和在5 A·g-1下的循环稳定性测试(d)

Fig.6 CV curves at different scan rates(a); GCD curves at different current densities(b); specific capacitance at different current densities (c) and cycling life test at 5 A·g-1 of EBAC(d)

表2 过期切片面包活性炭与其他生物质活性炭性能对比

Table 2 Performance comparison of EBAC with other biomass activated carbon

原材料	BET比表面积/(m²·g^-1)	电解液	电流密度/(A·g^-1)	比电容/(F·g^-1)	参考文献
大豆根	2143	3 mol·L^-1 KOH	0.5	276	[12]
玉米秸秆	2350	3 mol·L^-1 KOH	1	140	[13]
向日葵秆	1505	6 mol·L^-1 KOH	2	365	[28]
银杏树叶	906	1 mol·L^-1 KOH	0.2	345	[14]
莲花叶	2488	6 mol·L^-1 KOH	1	379	[29]
榆花	2049	6 mol·L^-1 KOH	1	275	[15]
番茄	2342	6 mol·L^-1 KOH	0.005	335	[7]
紫藤种子	2000	1 mol·L^-1 H₂SO₄	0.5	110	[16]
爆米花	1212	6 mol·L^-1 KOH	0.2	214	[17]
馒头	1834	6 mol·L^-1 KOH	2	278	[18]
印度烤饼	1413	1 mol·L^-1 H₂SO₄	1.7	381	[19]
过期切片面包	1155	3 mol·L^-1 KOH	0.5	352	本文

图7 过期切片面包活性炭Nyquist图(a)和Bode图(b)

Fig.7 Nyquist plot(a) and Bode plot(b) of EBAC

参考文献 35

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