表面张力变化对含气泡液体射流破裂的影响

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200824

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

使用高速相机研究了表面张力变化对含气泡液体射流破裂过程的影响。通过改变表面活性剂浓度获得了不同表面张力的液体射流。实验发现当液体射流速度保持不变时，减小液体表面张力会增加射流破裂长度。表面活性剂一方面降低了液体动态表面张力，减小了射流表面不稳定波的增长率，增大了射流破裂长度；另一方面表面活性剂在射流表面的非均匀分布会产生Marangoni应力，促使液体向射流变形区运动，从而推迟了射流破裂的发生，增大了射流破裂长度。通过理论分析得到了液体射流破裂长度表达式。发现射流内部气泡会显著缩短含表面活性剂射流的破裂长度。通过气泡扰动射流速度和吸附表面活性剂的分析，揭示了内部气泡对含表面活性剂射流破裂的影响规律。

关键词: 射流破裂, 表面张力, 气泡, 流体力学, Marangoni效应

Abstract:

A high-speed camera was used to study the effect of surface tension changes on the bursting process of a bubble-containing liquid jet. By changing the concentration of surfactants, liquid jets with different surface tensions are obtained. Six different concentrations of surfactant solution were adapted as the working fluid and the dynamic surface tension was measured. The results show that decreasing surface tension leads to the increase of jet breakup length when the jet is in the Rayleigh regime. The surfactant in the jet has two effects on the jet breakup. On the one hand, surfactants in the jet decreases the dynamic surface tension and the growth rate of the most unstable wave, which leads to the larger jet breakup length. On the other hand, the stretch of the jet results in the inhomogeneous distribution of surfactants on the jet surface, which induces Marangoni effect. The liquid moves towards to the stretch zone of the jet according to the Marangoni stress and jet breakup is delayed, the jet breakup length increases. The expression predicting the breakup length of liquid jet with various surface tension was derived. It was also found that inner bubbles decreased the breakup length of surfactant-laden jet significantly. It is attributed to the combined effect of jet velocity fluctuations due to the bubble and the absorption of surfactants on the bubble.

Key words: jet breakup, surface tension, bubble, fluid mechanics, Marangoni effect

中图分类号:

O 359⁺.1

吴兆伟, 施浙杭, 赵辉, 周骛, 蔡小舒, 刘海峰. 表面张力变化对含气泡液体射流破裂的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(3): 1283-1294.

WU Zhaowei, SHI Zhehang, ZHAO Hui, ZHOU Wu, CAI Xiaoshu, LIU Haifeng. Effects of surface tension variations on breakup of liquid jet with inner bubbles[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(3): 1283-1294.

图/表 14

图1 实验流程

Fig.1 Sketch of experimental setup

图2 实验喷嘴

Fig.2 Sketch of nozzle

图3 不同浓度表面活性剂溶液的动态表面张力

Fig.3 Dynamic surface tension at various surfactant concentrations

图4 不同浓度表面活性剂溶液的lgS-lgt曲线图（surfactant solutions）

Fig.4 lgS-lgt curves of various aqueous

表1 动态表面张力拟合参数

Table 1 Fitting parameters of dynamic surface tension

c	n	lgt^*	R²
3.00×10^-5	0.199	5.93	0.855
1.00×10^-4	0.317	4.32	0.972
1.00×10^-3	0.854	1.45	0.990
5.00×10^-3	0.771	0.919	0.992
1.00×10^-2	0.916	0.929	0.993

图5 含表面活性剂射流的破裂过程

Fig.5 Breakup processes of various surfactant-laden jets

图6 含表面活性剂射流破裂长度

Fig.6 Breakup lengths of various surfactant-laden jets

图7 含表面活性剂射流的射流破裂时间

Fig.7 Breakup time of various surfactant-laden jets

图8 含表面活性剂射流的破裂长度（图中实线为对应的不同浓度表面活性剂射流的拟合曲线）

Fig.8 Breakup lengths of various surfactant-laden jets (solid lines correspond to fitting curves)

图9 射流破裂长度实验测量值与拟合计算值的比较

Fig.9 Comparison between experimental results and calculated results

图10 含气泡表面活性剂溶液射流破裂过程

Fig.10 Breakup process of surfactant-laden jet with inner bubbles

图11 内部气泡直径对含表面活性剂射流破裂长度的影响

Fig.11 Surfactant-laden jet breakup length versus bubble diameter

图12 含表面活性剂射流的破裂长度比随气泡直径的变化

Fig.12 Surfactant-laden jet breakup length ratios versus bubble diameter

图13 不同射流速度下的射流破裂长度比(图中实线为水的含气泡射流破裂曲线)

Fig.13 Surfactant-laden jet breakup length ratios at various jet velocities (solid line corresponds to curve of water jet breakup)

参考文献 33

1	黄正梁, 帅云, 杨遥, 等. 喷嘴结构对射流鼓泡反应器混合和传质性能的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2018, 69(11): 4648-4654.
	Huang Z L, Shuai Y, Yang Y, et al. Effect of nozzle structure on mixing and mass transfer characteristics in jet bubbling reactor[J]. CIESC Journal, 2018, 69(11): 4648-4654.
2	Padwal M B, Mishra D P. Effect of air injection configuration on the atomization of gelled jet A1 fuel in an air-assist internally mixed atomizer[J]. Atomization and Sprays, 2013, 23(4): 327-341.
3	Zhao H, Hou Y B, Liu H F, et al. Influence of rheological properties on air-blast atomization of coal water slurry[J]. Journal of Non-Newtonian Fluid Mechanics, 2014, 211: 1-15.
4	王辅臣, 于广锁, 龚欣, 等. 大型煤气化技术的研究与发展[J]. 化工进展, 2009, 28(2): 173-180.
	Wang F C, Yu G S, Gong X, et al. Research and development of large-scale coal gasification technology[J]. Chem. Ind. Eng. Prog., 2009, 28(2): 173-180.
5	Eggers J, Villermaux E. Physics of liquid jets[J]. Reports on Progress in Physics, 2008, 71(3): 036601.
6	Dumouchel C. On the experimental investigation on primary atomization of liquid streams[J]. Experiments in Fluids, 2008, 45(3): 371-422.
7	Lin S P, Reitz R D. Drop and spray formation from a liquid jet[J]. Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech., 1998, 30: 85-105.
8	Rayleigh L. On the instability of jets[J]. Proceedings of the London Mathematical Society, 1878, (1): 4-13.
9	Weber C. Zum zerfall eines flüssigkeitstrahles[J]. Zeitschrift Für Angewandte Mathematik und Mechanik, 1931, 11: 136-141.
10	Sirignano W A, Mehring C. Review of theory of distortion and disintegration of liquid streams[J]. Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, 2000, 26(4/5/6): 609-655.
11	Sallam K A, Dai Z, Faeth G M. Liquid breakup at the surface of turbulent round liquid jets in still gases[J]. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2002, 28(3): 427-449.
12	Csizmadia P, Till S, Hős C. An experimental study on the jet breakup of Bingham plastic slurries in air[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2019, 102: 271-278.
13	杨宁, 周云龙, 马书生. 喷嘴结构改进及其液体射流过程颗粒团聚研究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70: 169-180.
	Yang N, Zhou Y L, Ma S S. Nozzle structure improvement and study of particles agglomeration during liquid injection[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70: 169-180.
14	Ibrahim E A, Marshall S O. Instability of a liquid jet of parabolic velocity profile[J]. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2000, 76(1): 17-21.
15	Zhan Y, Kuwata Y, Maruyama K, et al. Effects of surface tension and viscosity on liquid jet breakup[J]. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, 2020, 112: 109953.
16	Bravo L, Kim D, Ham F, et al. Effects of fuel viscosity on the primary breakup dynamics of a high-speed liquid jet with comparison to X-ray radiography[J]. Proceedings of the Combustion Institute, 2019, 37(3): 3245-3253.
17	Wegener M, Muhmood L, Sun S, et al. The formation and breakup of molten oxide jets[J]. Chem. Eng. Sci., 2014, 105: 143-154.
18	Reitz R D. Mechanism of atomization of a liquid jet[J]. Physics of Fluids, 1982, 25(10): 1730.
19	Chang Q, Zhang M Z, Bai F Q, et al. Instability analysis of a power law liquid jet[J]. J. Non-Newton. Fluid Mech., 2013, 198: 10-17.
20	Martínez-Calvo A, Rivero-Rodríguez J, Scheid B, et al. Natural break-up and satellite formation regimes of surfactant-laden liquid threads[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2020, 883: A35.
21	Hameed M, Maldarelli C. Effect of surfactant on the break-up of a liquid thread: modeling, computations and experiments[J]. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 2016, 92: 303-311.
22	Timmermans M L E, Lister J R. The effect of surfactant on the stability of a liquid thread[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2002, 459: 289-306.
23	Lad V N, Murthy Z P. Breakup of free liquid jets influenced by external mechanical vibrations[J]. Fluid Dyn. Res., 2017, 49(1): 015503.
24	Wu Z W, Zhao H, Li W F, et al. Effects of inner bubble on liquid jet breakup[J]. Phys. Fluids, 2019, 31(3): 034107.
25	Xue Z, Corvalan C M, Dravid V, et al. Breakup of shear-thinning liquid jets with surfactants[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2008, 63(7): 1842-1849.
26	Craster R V, Matar O K, Papageorgiou D T. Breakup of surfactant-laden jets above the critical micelle concentration[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 2009, 629: 195-219.
27	Zhao H, Zhang W B, Xu J L, et al. Influence of surfactant on the drop bag breakup in a continuous air jet stream[J]. Physics of Fluids, 2016, 28(5): 054102.
28	Hua X Y, Rosen M J. Dynamic surface tension of aqueous surfactant solutions (Ⅰ): Basic paremeters[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1988, 124(2): 652-659.
29	Rosen M J, Song L D. Dynamic surface tension of aqueous surfactant solutions (8): Effect of spacer on dynamic properties of gemini surfactant solutions[J]. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 1996, 179: 261-268.
30	Hansen S, Peters G W M, Meijer H E H. The effect of surfactant on the stability of a fluid filament embedded in a viscous fluid[J]. Journal of Fluid Mechanics, 1999, 382: 331-349.
31	Kwak S, Pozrikidis C. Effect of surfactants on the instability of a liquid thread or annular layer (I): Quiescent fluids[J]. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 2001, 27(1): 1-37.
32	Dechelette A, Campanella O, Corvalan C, et al. An experimental investigation on the breakup of surfactant-laden non-Newtonian jets[J]. Chemical Engineering Science, 2011, 66(24): 6367-6374.
33	Gao Z. Instability of non-Newtonian jets with a surface tension gradient[J]. Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical, 2009, 42(6): 065501.

[1]	邵苛苛, 宋孟杰, 江正勇, 张旋, 张龙, 高润淼, 甄泽康. 水平方向上冰中受陷气泡形成和分布实验研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 161-164.
[2]	张思雨, 殷勇高, 贾鹏琦, 叶威. 双U型地埋管群跨季节蓄热特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 295-301.
[3]	肖明堃, 杨光, 黄永华, 吴静怡. 浸没孔液氧气泡动力学数值研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(S1): 87-95.
[4]	温凯杰, 郭力, 夏诏杰, 陈建华. 一种耦合CFD与深度学习的气固快速模拟方法[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3775-3785.
[5]	袁佳琦, 刘政, 黄锐, 张乐福, 贺登辉. 泡状入流条件下旋流泵能量转换特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(9): 3807-3820.
[6]	岳林静, 廖艺涵, 薛源, 李雪洁, 李玉星, 刘翠伟. 凹坑缺陷对厚孔板喉部空化流动特性影响研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3292-3308.
[7]	汪林正, 陆俞冰, 张睿智, 罗永浩. 基于分子动力学模拟的VOCs热氧化特性分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3242-3255.
[8]	邢雷, 苗春雨, 蒋明虎, 赵立新, 李新亚. 井下微型气液旋流分离器优化设计与性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(8): 3394-3406.
[9]	王海, 林宏, 王晨, 许浩洁, 左磊, 王军锋. 高压静电场强化多孔介质表面沸腾传热特性研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 2869-2879.
[10]	何晓崐, 刘锐, 薛园, 左然. MOCVD生长AlN单晶薄膜的气相和表面化学反应综述[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 2800-2813.
[11]	牛超, 沈胜强, 杨艳, 潘泊年, 李熠桥. 甲烷BOG喷射器流动过程计算与性能分析[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(7): 2858-2868.
[12]	于源, 陈薇薇, 付俊杰, 刘家祥, 焦志伟. 几何相似涡流空气分级机环形区流场变化规律研究及预测[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(6): 2363-2373.
[13]	刘道银, 陈柄岐, 张祖扬, 吴琰. 颗粒聚团结构对曳力特性影响的数值模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(6): 2351-2362.
[14]	李晨曦, 刘永峰, 张璐, 刘海峰, 宋金瓯, 何旭. O₂/CO₂氛围下正庚烷的燃烧机理研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(5): 2157-2169.
[15]	董鑫, 单永瑞, 刘易诺, 冯颖, 张建伟. 非牛顿流体气泡羽流涡特性数值模拟研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(5): 1950-1964.