基于海水淡化中试的超滤膜清洗工艺及机理

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200325

化工学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 71 ›› Issue (S2): 289-296.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20200325

• 材料化学工程与纳米技术 • 上一篇下一篇

基于海水淡化中试的超滤膜清洗工艺及机理

王文广^1,²(),谭明^1,²(),孙小寒²,杨兴涛³,张晓东³(),张杨^1,²(),赵洪武³

^1.青岛科技大学环境与安全工程学院，山东青岛 266042
^2.中国科学院青岛生物能源与过程研究所，山东青岛 266101
^3.青岛百发海水淡化有限公司，山东青岛 266043

收稿日期:2020-03-30 修回日期:2020-04-07 出版日期:2020-11-06 发布日期:2020-11-06
通讯作者: 张晓东,张杨
作者简介:王文广(1994—)，男，硕士，研究助理，269530287@qq.com|谭明（1980—），男，副教授，tanming@qust.edu.cn
基金资助:
山东省重大科技创新工程项目(2018CXGC1005);国家自然科学基金项目(21878319);大连化学物理研究所与青岛能源所两所融合基金项目(DICP&QIBEBT UN201809)

Ultrafiltration membrane cleaning technology and mechanism based on seawater desalination pilot equipment

Wenguang WANG^1,²(),Ming TAN^1,²(),Xiaohan SUN²,Xingtao YANG³,Xiaodong ZHANG³(),Yang ZHANG^1,²(),Hongwu ZHAO³

^1.College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266042, Shandong, China
^2.Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, Shandong, China
^3.Qingdao Befesa Seawater Desalination Co. Ltd. , Qingdao 266043，Shandong, China

Received:2020-03-30 Revised:2020-04-07 Online:2020-11-06 Published:2020-11-06
Contact: Xiaodong ZHANG,Yang ZHANG

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了对海水淡化过程中的超滤膜进行清洗，利用超滤中试设备研究了反洗水和清洗药剂对超滤膜清洗的效果。分别研究了不同的反洗用水对于跨膜压差的影响，结果表明，清洗效果：淡水（自来水）>超滤产水>反渗透浓水。另选用不同的酸性清洗剂与碱性清洗剂进行清洗，结果表明，清洗效果：柠檬酸>草酸>盐酸>次氯酸钠>氢氧化钠，柠檬酸清洗效果最好，纯水透过速率可从283.24 L/(m²·h)恢复至571.56 L/(m²·h)。此外，实验证明碱洗+酸洗效果优于单独清洗效果，先用氢氧化钠清洗，再用柠檬酸清洗，纯水透过速率可从283.24 L/(m²·h)恢复至818.81 L/(m²·h)。本研究成果对于海水淡化过程中超滤膜的维护具有较好的应用前景。

关键词: 膜, 超滤, 分离, 海水淡化, 中试

Abstract:

In order to clean the ultrafiltration membrane in the process of seawater desalination, this paper studied the cleaning effects of backwash water and chemical agents on the ultrafiltration membrane by using the ultrafiltration pilot equipment. Effects of different backwash water on the transmembrane pressure difference were studied. The results showed that the cleaning effect was in the order of fresh water (tap water) > ultrafiltration water > reverse osmosis concentrated water. In addition, cleaning effect was as follows: citric acid > oxalate > hydrochloric acid > sodium hypochlorite > sodium hydroxide. Citric acid had the best cleaning effect, and the pure water penetration rate could be restored from 283.24 L/(m²·h) to 571.56 L/(m²·h). Moreover, the effect of alkali washing and acid washing together is better than that of cleaning alone. After cleaning with sodium hydroxide and then citric acid, the pure water transmission rate can recover from 283.24 L/(m²·h) to 818.81 L/(m²·h). The results of this study have a good application prospect for the maintenance of ultrafiltration membrane in seawater desalination.

Key words: membrane, ultrafiltration, separation, seawater desalination, pilot equipment

中图分类号:

TQ 028.8

王文广, 谭明, 孙小寒, 杨兴涛, 张晓东, 张杨, 赵洪武. 基于海水淡化中试的超滤膜清洗工艺及机理[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(S2): 289-296.

Wenguang WANG, Ming TAN, Xiaohan SUN, Xingtao YANG, Xiaodong ZHANG, Yang ZHANG, Hongwu ZHAO. Ultrafiltration membrane cleaning technology and mechanism based on seawater desalination pilot equipment[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(S2): 289-296.

图/表 11

图1 超滤膜中试简图1—超滤进水口；2—超滤产水口；3—排液口；4，5—循环泵；6，7，8，9—电磁阀；10，11，12—水桶；13，14—保安过滤器

Fig.1 Diagram of ultrafiltration membrane pilot equipment

表1 超滤产水24 h后超滤膜EDX数据

Table 1 EDX data of ultrafiltration membranes after water permeation 24 h

元素	质量分数/%	原子分数/%
C	34.33	51.34
O	21.94	24.63
Na	9.18	7.17
Si	0.56	0.36
S	6.61	3.70
Cl	17.33	8.78
Fe	8.16	2.63

图2 不同物理反洗用水对跨膜压差的变化关系

Fig.2 Relationship between transmembrane pressure and different backwash water

图3 淡水(自来水)作为反洗用水跨膜压差随时间的变化

Fig.3 Graph of transmembrane pressure difference with tap water as backwash water

图4 超滤运行及反洗过程

Fig.4 Diagram of ultrafiltration and backwash process

图5 不同反洗用水清洗原理

Fig.5 Diagram of cleaning mechanism with different backwash water

图6 不同清洗剂对纯水透过率的影响

Fig.6 Effects of different cleaning agents on water flux

图7 不同清洗方式对纯水透过速率的影响

Fig.7 Effects of different cleaning methods on water flux

图8 不同清洗剂对断裂强力的影响

Fig.8 Effects of different cleaning regents on breaking strength of membrane

图9 不同清洗剂对断裂伸长率的影响

Fig.9 Effects of different cleaning regents on breaking elongation rate of membrane

图10 超滤膜的SEM图原膜(a)，运行24 h后(b)，1%柠檬酸清洗(c)，1%草酸清洗(d)，pH=1盐酸清洗(e)，1%氢氧化钠清洗(f)

Fig.10 SEM images of ultrafiltration membrane original (a), operating for 24 h (b), cleaning with 1% citric acid (c), 1% oxalic acid (d), hydrochloric acid, pH=1 (e), 1% NaOH (f)

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基于海水淡化中试的超滤膜清洗工艺及机理

Ultrafiltration membrane cleaning technology and mechanism based on seawater desalination pilot equipment

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