冷热电联供系统设计和运行集成优化

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20210569

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

冷热电联供是提高能源综合利用效率的有效途径，其系统设计与运行策略通常相互耦合，因此实施联供系统的集成优化至关重要。本文同时考虑全生命周期内的投资与运行成本，提出以年度总成本最小化为优化目标，结合联供系统中燃气轮机、余热锅炉、吸收式制冷机等设备特性方程，以及针对以电定热、以热定电和混合热电三类典型运行策略，设置了冷、热和电三种负荷需求能量平衡方程，最终构建了包含固定电/热效率和动态电/热效率的联供系统设计与运行集成优化模型。所提方法应用于典型商业楼宇的冷热电联供系统优化设计，结果表明，只有通过综合运用混合热电运行策略、动态电/热效率和全年负荷特性数据，才有望获得合理可行的最优设计方案。

关键词: 冷热电联供, 设计, 运行, 集成优化

Abstract:

Combined cooling, heating and power(CCHP) is an effective way to improve the efficiency of comprehensive energy utilization. Its system design and operation strategy are usually coupled with each other. Therefore, it is very important to implement the integration and optimization of the cogeneration system. In this model, the optimization objective is minimizing the annual total cost of the system, in which the investment cost and operation cost in the whole life cycle are considered. The characteristic equations of equipment are developed, including gas turbine, waste heat boiler, absorption chiller, etc., and the fixed and dynamic electrical/thermal efficiency of the gas turbine are considered, respectively. In addition, based on three different operation strategies, including following electric load (FEL), following thermal load (FTL), and following hybrid load (FHL), the energy balance equations of cold, heat, and electricity load demand are developed, respectively. The proposed method is applied to the optimal design and operation of the CCHP system for a typical commercial building. The results illustrate that the reasonable and feasible optimal design of the CCHP system could be obtained only through the comprehensive application of FHL strategy, dynamic electrical/thermal efficiency, and annual load characteristic data.

Key words: combined cooling, heating and power system, design, operation, integrated optimization

中图分类号:

TQ 021.8

王欣欣,董潇健,沈佳妮,王保峰,贺益君. 冷热电联供系统设计和运行集成优化[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(10): 5284-5293.

Xinxin WANG,Xiaojian DONG,Jiani SHEN,Baofeng WANG,Yijun HE. Integrated design and operation of combined cooling, heating and power system[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(10): 5284-5293.

图/表 11

图1 冷热电联供系统结构示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of CCHP system

表1 多项式模型系数［33］

Table 1 Coefficients of polynomial model［33］

i	a_i	b_i	c_i	d_i
1	0.1283	-0.6592	0.7945	0.003
2	-0.7098	1.5206	-1.1191	0.835

图2 燃气轮机负荷特性曲线

Fig.2 Load characteristic curves of gas turbine

图3 全年逐时负荷分布

Fig.3 Hourly load profile of one year

表2 天然气及买电价格

Table 2 Unit prices of natural gas and electricity from grid

能源	价格/(CNY/kWh)	时间段
天然气	0.194	00:00~24:00
电网	1.256	11:00~14:00; 20:00~21:00
	1.582	14:00~16:00; 19:00~20:00
	0.713	06:00~11:00; 16:00~19:00；21:00~23:00
	0.302	23:00~06:00

表3 系统主要设备参数

Table 3 Main equipment parameters of the system

主要设备	效率	单位价格/CNY
燃气轮机	式(22)、式(23)	3000
余热锅炉	0.85	2000
锅炉	0.80(热水)	2200
锅炉	0.08(烟气)	2200
吸收式制冷机	0.70	1500
电制冷机	3.00	1000

表4 不同模型电/热效率参数值

Table 4 Parameter values of electrical/thermal efficiency for different models

案例	负荷率	电效率	热效率
LP1	0.2	0.14	0.67
LP2	0.4	0.22	0.59
LP3	0.6	0.27	0.56
LP4	0.8	0.28	0.55
LP5	1.0	0.27	0.53

图4 三种不同运行策略优化结果

Fig.4 Optimization results based on three different strategies

图5 不同策略设备出力情况

Fig.5 Comparison of equipment output power under different operation strategies

图6 不同固定电/热效率下优化结果

Fig.6 Optimization results under different fixed electrical/thermal efficiencies

表5 不同方案下系统年度总成本优化结果

Table 5 Optimization results of the ATC of the system under different cases

案例	ATC/10⁴CNY
案例	FEL	FTL	FHL
LP1	—	456.8	278.5
LP2	—	466.5	309.2
LP3	—	474.2	310.0
LP4	355.1	476.4	310.4
LP5	—	475.2	—
NLP	256.2	242.7	213.2

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