微混燃烧器中微管结构对氢燃料掺混效果与燃烧性能影响

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240563

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

氢燃料由于密度小、绝热燃烧温度高，造成了燃烧室内燃空掺混困难和局部热力型NO _x 过高等问题。基于GRI-Mech 3.0机理，结合FGM燃烧模型对纯氢燃烧开展了数值模拟，考虑了当量比、微管空气管径、燃料管径、扰流结构对燃空混合特性和燃烧性能的影响。研究结果表明，空气管径的增大不利于燃空的充分混合，当量比为0.4的贫燃状态下，空气管径扩大三倍后NO排放量提高了13倍；燃料管径从0.20 mm增大至0.65 mm后，导致各当量比下氢气射流深度均降低30%以上，燃空混合效果变差，锚定火焰转变为抬升火焰；当量比的增大会使火焰温度升高，削弱了小空气管径或小燃料管径下NO _x 排放的控制效果；扰流结构强化了燃料与空气的预混过程，提高了燃烧室温度均匀度，降低了NO _x 的生成，且采用结构B时混合优化效果与基础燃烧特征更佳。

关键词: 氢, 微混燃烧, 混合, NO _x 排放, 数值模拟

Abstract:

Due to the low density and the high adiabatic combustion temperature of hydrogen fuel, issues such as poor fuel-air mixing and high localized thermal NO _x formation arise in the combustion chamber. To address these problems, a numerical simulation employing the GRI-Mech 3.0 mechanism combined with the FGM combustion model was conducted. And the effects of the equivalence ratios, the air tube diameters, the fuel tube diameters and the spoiler structures on the mixing characteristics and the combustion performance are considered. The results of the study indicate that an increase in the diameter of the air pipe is not conducive to the complete mixing of fuel and air. Furthermore, the NO emission increases by 13 times after the air tube diameter is tripled in the lean combustion condition with an equivalence ratio of 0.4. After the fuel pipe diameter increased from 0.20 mm to 0.65 mm, the hydrogen jet depth at each equivalence ratio decreased by more than 30%, the fuel-air mixing effect became worse, and the anchored flame turned into a lifting flame. Increasing the equivalence ratios raises flame temperatures and diminishes the effectiveness of NO _x control, particularly with smaller air or fuel tube diameters. The spoiler structure strengthens the premixing process of fuel and air, improves the temperature uniformity of the combustion chamber and reduces the NO _x generation. Among the structures studied, structure B exhibits superior mixing optimization and combustion characteristics.

Key words: hydrogen, micromix combustion, mixing, NO _x emissions, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TK 16

邓志诚, 杨欢, 王斯民, 王家瑞. 微混燃烧器中微管结构对氢燃料掺混效果与燃烧性能影响[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(1): 335-347.

Zhicheng DENG, Huan YANG, Simin WANG, Jiarui WANG. Microtube structure impacts on hydrogen-air mixing effect and combustion performance in micromix combustor[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(1): 335-347.

图/表 22

图1 单微管燃烧器模型示意图

Fig.1 Schematic of single microtube combustor

表1 不同微管几何模型参数设置

Table 1 Different microtube configurations parameters setting

模型	空气管径D_a/mm	燃料管径D_f/mm
变空气管径	2.5	0.35
	5.0
	7.5
	10.0
变燃料管径	2.5	0.20
		0.35
		0.50
		0.65

图2 网格无关性验证

Fig.2 Grid independence validation

图3 计算模型验证

Fig.3 Computational model validation

图4 各空气管径不同当量比下燃烧腔入口混合均匀度情况

Fig.4 Mixing uniformity under different air tube diameters and equivalence ratios

图5 不同动量通量比下射流穿透深度模拟值与拟合值对比

Fig.5 Comparison of simulation and fitting values of jet penetration depths for different momentum flux ratios

图6 不同空气管径下均匀性指数与相对穿透深度比关系

Fig.6 Relationship between uniformity index and relative penetration depth ratio for different air tube diameters

图7 各空气管径不同当量比下温度/流速/氢气质量分数分布情况对比

Fig.7 Temperature/velocity/hydrogen mass fraction under different air tube diameters and equivalence ratios

图8 各空气管径不同当量比下湍流长度尺度对比

Fig.8 Comparison of turbulence length scales under different air tube diameters and equivalence ratios

图9 各空气管径不同当量比下NO x 排放分析

Fig.9 NO x emissions under different air tube diameters and equivalence ratios

图10 各燃料管径不同当量比下燃烧腔入口混合均匀度情况

Fig.10 Mixing uniformity under different fuel tube diameters and equivalence ratios

图11 射流穿透深度模拟结果与拟合曲线

Fig.11 Simulation results and fitting curves of jet penetration depths

图12 不同燃料管径下均匀性指数与相对穿透深度比关系

Fig.12 Relationship between uniformity index and relative penetration depth ratio for different fuel tube diameters

图13 各燃料管径不同当量比下温度/流速/氢气质量分数分布情况对比

Fig.13 Temperature/velocity/hydrogen mass fraction under different fuel tube diameters and equivalence ratios

图14 各燃料管径预混段不同当量比下湍流长度尺度对比

Fig.14 Comparison of turbulence length scales under different fuel tube diameters and equivalence ratios

图15 各燃料管径不同当量比下NO x 排放分析

Fig.15 NO x emissions under different fuel tube diameters and equivalence ratios

图16 微管出口处氢气质量分数分布

Fig.16 Hydrogen mass fraction distribution at the microtube outlet

图17 扰流结构影响下氢气混合均匀性对比

Fig.17 Comparison of hydrogen mixing uniformity under the influence of spoiler structures

图18 扰流构件影响下热释放率分布情况对比

Fig.18 Comparison of heat release rate under the influence of spoiler structures

图19 轴向方向上氢气质量分数变化

Fig.19 Change in hydrogen mass fraction in the axial direction

图20 轴向方向上温度均匀性变化

Fig.20 Change in temperature uniformity in the axial direction

图21 轴向方向上NO质量分数变化

Fig.21 Change in NO mass fraction in the axial direction

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