大规模风电耦合火电制氢多情景下不同运行策略分析

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240976

化工学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 76 ›› Issue (3): 1191-1206.DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20240976

大规模风电耦合火电制氢多情景下不同运行策略分析

李京润¹(), 杨思宇¹(), 刘庆辉², 潘安², 王嘉岳², 符小贵², 余皓¹()

^1.华南理工大学化学与化工学院，广东省绿色化学产品技术重点实验室，广东广州 510640
^2.国电投（揭阳）前詹发电有限公司，广东揭阳 522000

收稿日期:2024-08-30 修回日期:2024-10-23 出版日期:2025-03-25 发布日期:2025-03-28
通讯作者: 杨思宇,余皓
作者简介:李京润（2000—），男，硕士研究生，202221025305@mail.scut.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目(U22A20415);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2023A1515012071)

Analysis of multiple operating strategies for large-scale wind power coupled with thermal power for hydrogen production under various scenarios

Jingrun LI¹(), Siyu YANG¹(), Qinghui LIU², An PAN², Jiayue WANG², Xiaogui FU², Hao YU¹()

^1.School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Green Chemical Products Technology, Guangzhou 510640, Guangdong, China
^2.SPIC (Jieyang) Qianzhan Power Generation Co. , Ltd. , Jieyang 522000, Guangdong, China

Received:2024-08-30 Revised:2024-10-23 Online:2025-03-25 Published:2025-03-28
Contact: Siyu YANG, Hao YU

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

构建了包含风力发电、火力发电、蓄电池和电解制氢设备的混合能源发电制氢系统模型，探究大规模风-火发电制氢系统在不同运行策略下的经济效益。以700 MW风电场和350 MW火电厂为研究对象，采用绿电制氢、绿电-谷电制氢和绿电-火电制氢三种策略，建立年利润最大化的混合整数模型，分析不同风力资源和电解槽装机容量下的系统性能，结果表明，风力资源和电解槽容量显著影响系统性能和运行策略的选择。风力充足时，500 MW电解槽容量下绿电-火电制氢最优；风力匮乏时，400 MW容量下绿电-谷电策略在拥有较低碳排放的同时经济性最优。富风季采用绿电-谷电策略，贫风季采用绿电-火电策略的组合方案可在合理碳排放范围内实现最大年利润。此外，还分析了制氢系统投资成本和碳交易机制对氢气价格的影响，发现随着投资成本降低，碳排放相关成本的上升，绿电制氢策略在未来更具有经济性。

关键词: 风能, 电-氢混合能源制氢系统模型, 多策略, 技术经济分析, 制氢

Abstract:

This study constructs a hybrid energy power generation and hydrogen production system model including wind power, thermal power, batteries and electrolytic hydrogen production equipment to explore the economic benefits of large-scale wind-thermal power generation and hydrogen production systems under different operating strategies. Focusing on a 700 MW wind farm and a 350 MW thermal power plant, the study employs three strategies: green electricity hydrogen production, green electricity-valley electricity hydrogen production, and green electricity-thermal power hydrogen production. A mixed-integer model is established to maximize annual profit, analyzing system performance under various wind resources and electrolyzer capacities. The results indicate that wind resources and electrolyzer capacity significantly influence system performance and strategy selection. In wind-rich conditions, green electricity-thermal power hydrogen production is optimal with a 500 MW electrolyzer capacity. In wind-scarce conditions, the green electricity-valley electricity strategy with a 400 MW capacity offers the best economic performance while maintaining lower carbon emissions. A combined approach using the green electricity-valley electricity strategy during wind-rich seasons and green electricity-thermal power strategy during wind-poor seasons can achieve maximum annual profit within reasonable carbon emission limits. Furthermore, the study analyzes the impact of hydrogen production system investment costs and carbon trading mechanisms on hydrogen prices. It reveals that as investment costs decrease and carbon emission-related costs increase, the green electricity hydrogen production strategy becomes more economically viable in the future.

Key words: wind energy, electro-hydrogen hybrid energy hydrogen production system model, multi-strategy, techno-economic analysis, hydrogen production

中图分类号:

TQ 151.1

李京润, 杨思宇, 刘庆辉, 潘安, 王嘉岳, 符小贵, 余皓. 大规模风电耦合火电制氢多情景下不同运行策略分析[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(3): 1191-1206.

Jingrun LI, Siyu YANG, Qinghui LIU, An PAN, Jiayue WANG, Xiaogui FU, Hao YU. Analysis of multiple operating strategies for large-scale wind power coupled with thermal power for hydrogen production under various scenarios[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(3): 1191-1206.

图/表 22

图1 风-火混合能源发电制氢系统

Fig.1 Wind-thermal power hybrid energy hydrogen production system

图2 碱性电解槽U-I曲线

Fig.2 U-I characteristic curve of alkaline electrolysis cell

图3 系统效率和氢气产量曲线

Fig.3 System efficiency and hydrogen production rate curves

表1 系统主要参数［18-19］

Table 1 System key parameters ［18-19］

参数	数值
$A^{c e l l}$ /m²	0.01×302
$v_{c i}$ /（m/s）	3
$v_{c o}$ /（m/s）	25
$v_{s}$ /（m/s）	13
$P_{w s}$ /kW	4000
$σ$	0.0046
$η_{d i s}$	0.95
$η_{c h}$	0.95
$θ_{1}$ /（Ω·m²）	8.05×10^-5
$θ_{2}$ /（Ω·m²/℃）	-2.5×10^-7
$ω_{1}$ /（m²/A）	1.002
$ω_{2}$ /（m²·℃/A）	8.424
$ω_{3}$ /（m²·℃²/A）	247.3
$s$ /V	0.185
$H H V_{H}$ /（MJ/kg）	141.86
$f_{1}$ /（mA²/cm⁴）	250
$f_{2}$	0.96

表1 系统主要参数［18-19］

Table 1 System key parameters ［18-19］

参数	数值
$A^{c e l l}$ /m²	0.01×302
$v_{c i}$ /（m/s）	3
$v_{c o}$ /（m/s）	25
$v_{s}$ /（m/s）	13
$P_{w s}$ /kW	4000
$σ$	0.0046
$η_{d i s}$	0.95
$η_{c h}$	0.95
$θ_{1}$ /（Ω·m²）	8.05×10^-5
$θ_{2}$ /（Ω·m²/℃）	-2.5×10^-7
$ω_{1}$ /（m²/A）	1.002
$ω_{2}$ /（m²·℃/A）	8.424
$ω_{3}$ /（m²·℃²/A）	247.3
$s$ /V	0.185
$H H V_{H}$ /（MJ/kg）	141.86
$f_{1}$ /（mA²/cm⁴）	250
$f_{2}$	0.96

图4 风机容量因子与电负荷月度变化

Fig.4 Monthly variation of wind turbine capacity factor and electrical load

表2 火电机组相关参数［26］

Table 2 Thermal power unit parameters［26］

机组	出力功率/MW		爬坡功率/MW		a/tce	b/(tce/MWh)	c/(10⁶ tce/(MWh)²)	启停时间/h
机组	最小	最大	上限	下限	a/tce	b/(tce/MWh)	c/(10⁶ tce/(MWh)²)	启停时间/h
#1	125	250	100	-100	5.26	0.31	37.38	4
#2	50	100	50	-50	4.65	0.32	45.86	2

图5 分时电价[25]

Fig.5 Time-of-use (TOU) electricity pricing[25]

表3 主要设备投资运维成本［18， 27］

Table 3 Capital investment and operational maintenance costs of key equipment［18， 27］

设备	投资成本	运维成本
风力发电机	7000 CNY/kW	34 CNY/kW
碱性电解槽	4000 CNY/kW	80 CNY/kW
蓄电池	1200 CNY/kW	24 CNY/kW
储罐	3800 CNY/kW	76 CNY/kW
逆变整流器	60 CNY/kW	—

表4 单台碱性电解槽的主要技术参数［28］

Table 4 Main technical parameters of single alkaline electrolyzer［28］

指标	数值
氢气产量/(m³/h，标准工况)	1000
氧气产量/(m³/h，标准工况)	500
系统最大工作压力/MPa	1.6
电解槽工作温度/℃	90
额定工作电流/A	8000
电解槽小室数量/个	302
额定工作电压/V	604
运行工作范围/%	30~100

图6 不同电解槽装机容量的年利润

Fig.6 Annual profit analysis for varying electrolyzer capacities

图7 不同电解槽装机容量的氢气单价

Fig.7 Hydrogen unit price for varying electrolyzer capacities

图8 不同电解槽装机容量的碳排放量

Fig.8 Carbon emissions for varying electrolyzer capacities

表5 常规制氢排放［29］

Table 5 Emissions for conventional hydrogen production［29］

Technology	Emissions/(kg/kg)
natural gas	10~13
coal	22~26
grid electricity	24

图 9 不同电解槽装机容量下的全季节总利润

Fig.9 Total seasonal profits for various electrolyzer capacities

图10 不同电解槽装机容量下的全季节氢气价格

Fig.10 Total seasonal hydrogen price for various electrolyzer capacities

图11 不同电解槽装机容量下的全季节单位氢气碳排放

Fig.11 Total seasonal carbon emissions per unit of hydrogen production for various electrolyzer capacities

图12 贫风季时不同制氢系统成本下的氢气单价

Fig.12 Hydrogen price under different hydrogen production system costs during wind-poor seasons

图13 富风季时不同制氢系统成本下的氢气单价

Fig.13 Hydrogen price under different hydrogen production system costs during wind-rich seasons

表6 不同投资成本条件下电解槽装机容量对全季节氢气价格的影响

Table 6 Effect of electrolyzer capacities on total seasonal hydrogen price under different investment costs

策略	氢气价格/（CNY/kg）
策略	200 MW	250 MW	300 MW	350 MW	400 MW	450 MW	500 MW
全季节策略1	20.0	20.1	20.2	20.4	20.5	20.7	20.9
全季节策略2	20.2	20.3	20.5	20.7	20.8	21.0	21.1
全季节策略3	20.4	20.6	20.8	21.0	21.2	21.4	21.5
富风季策略1贫风季策略2	20.0	20.1	20.2	20.4	20.5	20.6	20.7
富风季策略1贫风季策略3	20.2	20.3	20.4	20.6	20.6	20.7	20.8
富风季策略2贫风季策略1	20.1	20.3	20.4	20.7	20.9	21.1	21.3
富风季策略2贫风季策略3	20.3	20.4	20.6	20.8	21.0	21.1	21.2
富风季策略3贫风季策略1	20.3	20.4	20.6	20.9	21.1	21.4	21.6
富风季策略3贫风季策略2	20.3	20.5	20.6	20.9	21.0	21.2	21.4

图14 贫风季时不同碳配额和碳定价下的氢气单价

Fig.14 Hydrogen price under different emission allowances and carbon pricing during wind-poor seasons

图15 富风季时不同碳配额和碳定价下的氢气单价

Fig.15 Hydrogen price under different emission allowances and carbon pricing during wind-rich seasons

表7 不同碳配额条件下电解槽装机容量对全季节氢气价格的影响

Table 7 Effect of electrolyzer capacities on total seasonal hydrogen price under different envission allowances

策略	氢价格/（CNY/kg）
策略	200 MW	250 MW	300 MW	350 MW	400 MW	450 MW	500 MW
全季节策略1	27.1	27.8	28.6	29.6	30.5	31.5	32.5
全季节策略2	27.6	28.2	28.8	29.5	30.2	30.9	31.5
全季节策略3	28.1	28.7	29.3	30.0	30.6	31.2	31.7
富风季策略1贫风季策略2	27.3	27.8	28.4	29.1	29.7	30.3	30.9
富风季策略1贫风季策略3	27.5	28.0	28.6	29.2	29.7	30.2	30.7
富风季策略2贫风季策略1	27.4	28.1	29.0	30.0	31.0	32.1	33.1
富风季策略2贫风季策略3	27.8	28.4	29.0	29.6	30.2	30.8	31.3
富风季策略3贫风季策略1	27.7	28.5	29.4	30.4	31.4	32.5	33.5
富风季策略3贫风季策略2	27.9	28.5	29.2	29.9	30.6	31.3	32.0

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大规模风电耦合火电制氢多情景下不同运行策略分析

Analysis of multiple operating strategies for large-scale wind power coupled with thermal power for hydrogen production under various scenarios

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