新型粘弹性颗粒驱油剂耐温抗盐机理研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20250898

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对高温高盐油藏条件下矿场在用粘弹性颗粒驱油剂热稳定性大幅下降的问题，采用聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮、丙烯酰胺，研发了一种具有半互穿网络结构（semi-IPN）的新型粘弹性颗粒驱油剂。通过调控PVP含量，系统研究了其耐温抗盐性能演化规律与结构解体机制。流变测试、微观形貌、粒径、水解度、核磁与红外光谱等多手段实验结果表明：PVP的引入可通过增强氢键密度与物理缠结结构，构建多级缓释破坏路径，实现水分子缔合、网络结构稳定与主链断裂的顺序调控。HP-PPG的老化过程依次经历PVP–水、PVP–PAM、PAM主链氢键的逐步断裂，展现出典型的“平台期”水分释放行为与最小水解度，显著优于矿场在用粘弹性颗粒驱油剂。

关键词: 半互穿网络结构, 聚乙烯基吡咯烷酮/聚丙烯酰胺, 粘弹性颗粒驱油剂, 耐温抗盐机理, 石油, 弹性, 粒度分布

Abstract:

To address the significant decline in thermal stability of viscoelastic particle-based oil displacement agents currently used in oilfields under high-temperature and high-salinity reservoir conditions, a novel viscoelastic particle agent with a semi-interpenetrating polymer network (semi-IPN) structure was developed using vinylpyrrolidone and acrylamide monomers. By regulating the polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) content, the evolution of its temperature and salt resistance performance, as well as the structural disintegration mechanism, was systematically investigated. Rheological measurements, microscopic morphology analysis, particle size distribution, hydrolysis degree testing, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) collectively demonstrated that the incorporation of PVP enhances hydrogen bonding density and physical entanglement, thereby constructing a multistage, delayed-degradation pathway. This enables the sequential regulation of water molecule association, network structure stability, and main-chain scission. The aging process of the HP-PPG proceeds through stepwise disruption of PVP–water, PVP–PAM, and PAM main-chain hydrogen bonds, exhibiting a typical "plateau" water-release behavior and minimized hydrolysis degree—substantially outperforming the viscoelastic particle agents currently used in the field.

Key words: Semi-interpenetrating network structure, Polyvinylpyrrolidone/polyacrylamide, Viscoelastic displacement particles, Thermal and salt resistance mechanism, petroleum, elasticity, size distribution

中图分类号:

TQ 311

姜祖明, 吕琦, 刘煜, 赵方剑, 潘斌林, 宋新玥. 新型粘弹性颗粒驱油剂耐温抗盐机理研究[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20250898.

Zuming Jiang, Qi Lv, Yu Liu, Fangjian Zhao, Binlin Pan, Xinyue Song. Mechanism study on temperature and salt resistance of novel viscoelastic particle-based oil displacement agents[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20250898.

图/表 16

表1 盐水溶液成分

Table 1 The compositions of saline solutions with different salinities

矿化度 (mg/L)	H₂O (mL)	NaCl (g)	CaCl₂(g)	MgCl₂•6H₂O (g)
30000	1000	27.3067	1.11	3.833

图1 85℃，盐水条件下（a）HP-PPG（b）LP-PPG（c）PPG；85℃，纯水条件下（d）HP-PPG（e）LP-PPG（f）PPG的储能模量（G′）和损耗模量（G''）随老化时间的变化

Fig.1 Evolution of storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) with aging time for (a) HP‑PPG, (b) LP‑PPG, and (c) PPG under saline conditions at 85 °C, and for (d) HP‑PPG, (e) LP‑PPG, and (f) PPG under pure water conditions at 85 °C

图2 85℃，盐水条件下（a）HP-PPG（b）LP-PPG（c）PPG；85℃，纯水条件下（d）HP-PPG（e）LP-PPG（f）PPG的粘度图

Fig.2 Viscosity diagrams of (a) HP-PPG, (b) LP-PPG and (c) PPG under saline conditions at 85℃; and viscosity diagrams of (d) HP-PPG, (e) LP-PPG and (f) PPG under pure water conditions at 85℃

图3 85℃，盐水条件下（a）HP-PPG（b）LP-PPG（c）PPG；85℃，纯水条件下（d）HP-PPG（e）LP-PPG（f）PPG的粒度保留率图

Fig.3 Particle size retention rate diagrams of (a) HP-PPG, (b) LP-PPG and (c) PPG under saline conditions at 85℃; and particle size retention rate diagrams of (d) HP-PPG, (e) LP-PPG and (f) PPG under pure water conditions at 85℃.

图4 各组样品在老化（a）3天（b）7天（c）15天（d）30天（e）60天（f）90天后的超景深示意图

Fig. 4 Ultra-depth of field diagrams of samples in each group after aging for (a) 3 days, (b) 7 days, (c) 15 days, (d) 30 days, (e) 60 days, and (f) 90 days.

图5 85℃，盐水条件下（a）HP-PPG（b）LP-PPG（c）PPG；85℃，纯水条件下（d）HP-PPG（e）LP-PPG（f）PPG的核磁氢谱图

Fig. 5 ¹H NMR spectra of (a) HP-PPG, (b) LP-PPG and (c) PPG under saline conditions at 85℃; and¹H NMR spectra of (d) HP-PPG, (e) LP-PPG and (f) PPG under pure water conditions at 85℃

图6 85℃，纯水条件下（a）HP-PPG（b）LP-PPG（c）PPG；85℃，盐水条件下（d）HP-PPG（e）LP-PPG（f）PPG的一维红外谱图

Fig. 6 One-dimensional infrared spectra of (a) HP-PPG, (b) LP-PPG, and (c) PPG under pure water conditions at 85°C; and one-dimensional infrared spectra of (d) HP-PPG, (e) LP-PPG, and (f) PPG under salt water conditions at 85°C

图7 六个体系在 85℃下含水量随时间的变化关系

Fig. 7 Variation of water content with time for six systems at 85℃

表2 六个体系中的水分的分布情况

Table 2 Water distributions in 6 systems

	自由水（%）	弱氢键水（%）	强氢键水（%）
85℃，盐水，HP-PPG	36.62	44.65	13.07
85℃，纯水，HP-PPG	35.69	44.83	13.11
85℃，盐水，LP-PPG	40.72	40.18	12.68
85℃，纯水，LP-PPG	39.26	42.03	12.87
85℃，盐水，PPG	49.92	38.85	11.23
85℃，纯水，PPG	46.05	39.01	14.98

图8 HP-PPG在85℃，纯水条件下的（a）同步图（b）异步图；HP-PPG在85℃，盐水条件下的（c）同步图（d）异步图

Fig. 8 (a) Synchronous diagram and (b) asynchronous diagram of HP-PPG under the conditions of 85℃ and pure water; (c) synchronous diagram and (d) asynchronous diagram of HP-PPG under the conditions of 85℃ and salt water

图9 LP-PPG在85℃，纯水条件下的（a）同步图（b）异步图；LP-PPG在85℃，盐水条件下的（c）同步图（d）异步图

Fig. 9 (a) Synchronous diagram and (b) asynchronous diagram of LP-PPG under the conditions of 85℃ and pure water; (c) synchronous diagram and (d) asynchronous diagram of LP-PPG under the conditions of 85℃ and salt water

图10 PPG在85℃，纯水条件下的（a）同步图（b）异步图；PPG在85℃，盐水条件下的（c）同步图（d）异步图

Fig. 10 (a) Synchronous diagram and (b) asynchronous diagram of PPG under the conditions of 85℃ and pure water; (c) synchronous diagram and (d) asynchronous diagram of PPG under the conditions of 85℃ and salt water

表3 六个体系中同步图谱与异步图谱的分析结果

Table 3 Results of synchronous and asynchronous maps in 6 systems

3123，3420

3626，3420

3159，3420

3420，3633

3164，3439

3629，3439

3169，3424

3612，3424

3422，3643

3135，3427

3420，3654

3418，3119

图11 水解度示意图

Fig. 11 Schematic diagram of hydrolysis degree

图12 HP-PPG、LP-PPG老化示意图

Fig. 12 Schematic diagrams of aging for HP-PPG and LP-PPG

图13 PPG老化示意图

Fig. 13 Schematic diagram of aging for PPG

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