Z型通道印刷电路板式换热器中S-CO2热工水力分析与结构优化

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20251480

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

印刷电路板式换热器（PCHE）因其扩散焊接结构的高耐压能力及微通道结构的优异紧凑性与传热性能，被认为是满足超临界二氧化碳（S-CO₂）布雷顿循环抽水式热储能发电（PTES）系统中高温、高压和高效率要求的理想回热器形式。基于构建的S-CO₂布雷顿循环PTES热机模型，本文通过数值模拟研究了通道截面形状对直通型PCHE热工水力性能的影响，并将直通型PCHE与Z型PCHE性能对比，结果显示Z型PCHE综合性能更优。为进一步提升Z型PCHE的综合性能，本文基于单因子分析探讨了通道直径（A）、通道节距（B）和通道转角（C）对其性能的影响。以热通道Nusselt数（Nu）、范宁摩擦因子（f）和综合性能（PEC）为评价指标，通过正交试验结合极差分析与方差分析确定各因素显著性水平，并借助熵权法获取综合性能最优参数组合。正交试验的极差分析与方差分析给出的最优参数组合为：A=1 mm、B=10 mm、C=90°，此时对应Nu、f以及PEC分别为47.950、0.04380和136.029。最后，不同入口Reynolds数及热通道入口温度条件下验证表明，优化后的Z型PCHE在多工况下性能稳定。本文提出的分析框架与优化方法可为PCHE几何设计与性能提升提供参考。

关键词: 印刷电路板式换热器, 超临界二氧化碳, 布雷顿循环抽水式热储能发电, 热工水力, 正交试验, 熵权法

Abstract:

Printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHE), with high pressure resistance afforded by diffusion-bonded structures and superior compactness and heat transfer performance enabled by microchannel designs, are regarded as ideal recuperators for supercritical CO₂ (S-CO₂) Brayton-cycle pumped thermal energy storage (PTES) systems, which require high temperature, high pressure, and high efficiency. Based on a developed S-CO₂ Brayton-cycle PTES thermal model, this study investigates the effects of channel cross-sectional shape on the thermo-hydraulic performance of straight-through PCHE using numerical simulations, and compares the performance of straight-through and Z-type PCHE, showing that the Z-type configuration exhibits superior overall performance. To further enhance the overall performance of Z-type PCHE, this study conducts a single-factor analysis to examine the effects of three geometric parameters—channel diameter (A), channel pitch (B), and channel bend angle (C). The Nusselt number (Nu), Fanning friction factor (f), and performance evaluation criterion (PEC) of the hot channels are adopted as evaluation metrics. Orthogonal experiments combined with range analysis and analysis of variance are used to determine the significance levels of the factors, and the entropy-weight method is employed to identify the optimal parameter combination. The optimal parameter combination obtained from the orthogonal experiment through range and variance analyses is A = 1 mm, B = 10 mm, and C = 90°, corresponding to Nu, f, and PEC values of 47.950, 0.04380, and 136.029, respectively. Finally, validation under varying inlet Reynolds numbers and hot-channel inlet temperatures demonstrates that the optimized Z-type PCHE maintains stable performance across multiple operating conditions. The proposed analytical framework and optimization methodology provide valuable guidance for the geometric design and performance enhancement of PCHE.

Key words: printed circuit heat exchanger, supercritical CO₂, Brayton-cycle pumped thermal energy storage, thermo-hydraulic, orthogonal tests, entropy weight method

中图分类号:

TK 124

邢刚, 杨涵, 王天堃, 赵香龙, 王志得, 乔永辉. Z型通道印刷电路板式换热器中S-CO₂热工水力分析与结构优化[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20251480.

Gang XING, Han YANG, Tiankun WANG, Xianglong ZHAO, Zhide WANG, Yonghui QIAO. Thermohydraulic analysis and structural optimization of a Z-shaped printed circuit heat exchanger for supercritical CO₂[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20251480.

图/表 22

参考文献 34

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截面形状	Nu_h	Nu_c	f_h	f_c	PEC_h	PEC_c
半圆	22.4496	15.2544	0.00954	0.01126	105.839	68.064
矩形	21.8229	14.8405	0.00929	0.01074	103.812	67.254
梯形	21.1416	14.2859	0.00897	0.01031	101.757	65.624
三角形	20.4123	13.6170	0.00879	0.00992	98.909	63.377

截面形状	Nu_h	Nu_c	f_h	f_c	PEC_h	PEC_c
半圆	22.4496	15.2544	0.00954	0.01126	105.839	68.064
矩形	21.8229	14.8405	0.00929	0.01074	103.812	67.254
梯形	21.1416	14.2859	0.00897	0.01031	101.757	65.624
三角形	20.4123	13.6170	0.00879	0.00992	98.909	63.377

通道类型	Nu_h	Nu_c	f_h	f_c	PEC_h	PEC_c
直通型	22.4496	15.2544	0.00954	0.01126	105.839	68.064
Z型	30.7585	18.8999	0.01829	0.02041	116.742	69.157

通道类型	Nu_h	Nu_c	f_h	f_c	PEC_h	PEC_c
直通型	22.4496	15.2544	0.00954	0.01126	105.839	68.064
Z型	30.7585	18.8999	0.01829	0.02041	116.742	69.157

通道截面方向	Nu_h	f_h	PEC_h
方式1	30.7585	0.01829	116.742
方式2	30.7275	0.01832	116.560
方式3	30.8946	0.01827	117.301
方式4	30.8587	0.01828	117.143

Z型通道印刷电路板式换热器中S-CO₂热工水力分析与结构优化

Thermohydraulic analysis and structural optimization of a Z-shaped printed circuit heat exchanger for supercritical CO₂

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图/表 22

参考文献 34

相关文章 15

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Metrics

本文评价

水平	因素
水平	A/mm	B/mm	C/°
1	1	10	90
2	1.25	15	110
3	1.5	20	130
4	1.75	25	150
5	2	30	170

试验号	A/mm	B/mm	C/°	Nu	f	PEC
1	1	10	90	47.951	0.0438	136.029
2	1	15	110	37.382	0.0249	128.027
3	1	20	130	30.380	0.0160	120.455
4	1	25	150	27.468	0.0119	120.168
5	1	30	170	24.369	0.0099	113.574
6	1.25	10	110	41.670	0.0361	126.124
7	1.25	15	130	29.674	0.0189	111.380
8	1.25	20	150	26.487	0.0123	114.699
9	1.25	25	170	22.279	0.0098	104.146
10	1.25	30	90	33.476	0.0225	118.620
11	1.5	10	130	37.997	0.0264	127.607
12	1.5	15	150	27.259	0.0133	115.162
13	1.5	20	170	21.983	0.0097	103.077
14	1.5	25	90	36.603	0.0298	118.075
15	1.5	30	110	32.434	0.0208	117.988
16	1.75	10	150	31.027	0.0164	122.056
17	1.75	15	170	21.755	0.0095	102.792
18	1.75	20	90	39.789	0.0378	118.562
19	1.75	25	110	34.906	0.0253	118.962
20	1.75	30	130	28.862	0.0165	113.399
21	2	10	170	21.972	0.0096	103.321
22	2	15	90	46.203	0.0473	127.716
23	2	20	110	37.964	0.0311	120.771
24	2	25	130	30.088	0.0188	113.057
25	2	30	150	24.761	0.0120	108.094

评价指标	i	极差
评价指标	i	k_i1	k_i2	k_i3	k_i4	k_i5	R_i
Nu	A	33.510	30.717	31.255	31.268	32.198	2.793
	B	36.123	32.455	31.321	30.269	28.780	7.343
	C	40.804	36.871	31.401	27.401	22.472	18.332
f	A	0.0213	0.0199	0.0200	0.0211	0.0238	0.0199
	B	0.0265	0.0228	0.0214	0.0191	0.0163	0.0163
	C	0.0362	0.0276	0.0193	0.0132	0.0097	0.0097
PEC	A	123.651	114.994	116.382	115.155	114.592	9.059
	B	123.028	117.016	115.513	114.882	114.335	8.693
	C	123.801	122.375	117.180	116.036	105.382	18.419

评价指标	因子	SS	U	MS	F	显著性
Nu	A	24.1708	4	6.0427	0.6991	*
	B	154.0542	4	38.5136	4.4559	***
	C	1066.6114	4	266.6529	30.8512	****
	误差	103.7186	12	8.6432
f	A	0.000049	4	0.00001225	0.49	*
	B	0.000291	4	0.00007275	2.91	*
	C	0.002337	4	0.00058425	23.37	****
	误差	0.00030	12	0.000025
PEC	A	289.1725	4	72.2931	4.8236	***
	B	250.6063	4	62.6516	4.1803	***
	C	1055.3034	4	263.8259	17.6033	****
	误差	179.8477	12	14.9873

因子组合	A/mm	B/mm	C/°	Nu	f	PEC
A₁B₁C₁	1	10	90	47.950	0.04380	136.029
A₁B₁C₅	1	10	170	25.014	0.01035	114.786
A₂B₅C₅	1.25	30	170	23.709	0.00982	110.702

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