Research progress on thermochemical conversion of biomass to enhance quality and catalyst

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200191

Abstract

Abstract:

The preparation of high-quality bio-oils and high-value-added fine chemicals through thermochemical conversion of biomass is an important direction for future industrial development. It is an effective way to solve energy shortages and achieve closed-loop carbon. How to improve the quality and efficiency of biomass thermochemical conversion is a hot spot in academia and industry. This paper reviews the research progress of biomass thermochemical conversion under different technical paths and focus on the reaction mechanism and catalyst types of catalytic pyrolysis, hydrothermal catalysis and chemical-looping conversion. The strategy of improving quality in biomass thermochemical conversion is discussed. Finally, some suggestions of biomass thermochemical conversion are put forward, which is expected to provide reference for the high value utilization of biomass.

Key words: biomass, thermochemistry conversion, enhance quality, catalyst, catalytic pyrolysis, hydrothermal catalysis, chemical-looping conversion

摘要：

生物质通过热化学转化制备高品质生物油和高附加值精细化工品是未来工业发展的重要方向，是解决能源短缺、实现碳的闭路循环的有效方式，如何提升生物质热化学转化品质和效率是目前学术界和工业界关注的热点。本文介绍了不同技术路径下的生物质热化学转化研究进展，重点阐述了催化热解、水热催化、化学链转化三种方式的反应机理及其催化剂类型，讨论了生物质热化学转化提质策略。最后，针对生物质热化学转化目前尚存在的问题提出建议，期望为生物质高值化利用提供参考和借鉴。

关键词: 生物质, 热化学转化, 提质, 催化剂, 催化热解, 水热催化, 化学链转化

CLC Number:

TK 6

Li ZHANG, Zonglu YAO, Lixin ZHAO, Zhihe LI, Weiming YI, Peng FU, Chao YUAN. Research progress on thermochemical conversion of biomass to enhance quality and catalyst[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(8): 3416-3427.

仉利, 姚宗路, 赵立欣, 李志合, 易维明, 付鹏, 袁超. 生物质热化学转化提质及其催化剂研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(8): 3416-3427.

Figures/Tables 8

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转化路径	转化条件	转化产物	产物利用价值	转化特点	文献
燃烧	富氧、着火点	能量、CO₂、H₂O等	热力、电力等	能源利用率低，环境污染大	[15,16]
催化热解	缺氧或少氧高温（300~1500℃）	热解气、生物油、生物炭	热力、电力、活性炭、燃气、液体燃料、化学品等	设备要求低，转化效率高，技术成熟	[17,18]
水热催化	缺氧或少氧高压（5~25 MPa）高温（200~600℃）	热解气、生物油、生物炭	热力、电力、活性炭、燃气、液体燃料、化学品等	（1）水作为溶剂或催化反应介质，绿色环保无污染；（2）水热催化传质传热速率较快，反应迅速，节约能量；（3）生物质原材料无须脱水，经定向反应后产物收率较高	[19,20]
化学链转化	高温（700~1000℃）氧载体	能量、CO₂、H₂O、合成气等	热力、电力、干冰、燃气等	（1）燃料反应器中产物为CO₂和水蒸气，可通过冷凝实现CO₂内分离；（2）空气反应器中温度较低避免了NO_x的生成，降低了环境污染；（3）分步转化过程实现了能量梯级利用，提高了能量的利用率	[21,22]

转化路径	转化条件	转化产物	产物利用价值	转化特点	文献
燃烧	富氧、着火点	能量、CO₂、H₂O等	热力、电力等	能源利用率低，环境污染大	[15,16]
催化热解	缺氧或少氧高温（300~1500℃）	热解气、生物油、生物炭	热力、电力、活性炭、燃气、液体燃料、化学品等	设备要求低，转化效率高，技术成熟	[17,18]
水热催化	缺氧或少氧高压（5~25 MPa）高温（200~600℃）	热解气、生物油、生物炭	热力、电力、活性炭、燃气、液体燃料、化学品等	（1）水作为溶剂或催化反应介质，绿色环保无污染；（2）水热催化传质传热速率较快，反应迅速，节约能量；（3）生物质原材料无须脱水，经定向反应后产物收率较高	[19,20]
化学链转化	高温（700~1000℃）氧载体	能量、CO₂、H₂O、合成气等	热力、电力、干冰、燃气等	（1）燃料反应器中产物为CO₂和水蒸气，可通过冷凝实现CO₂内分离；（2）空气反应器中温度较低避免了NO_x的生成，降低了环境污染；（3）分步转化过程实现了能量梯级利用，提高了能量的利用率	[21,22]

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