Research progress of catalytic pyrolysis of biomass to yield levoglucosenone

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20200596

Abstract

Abstract:

Levoglucosenone (LGO) has great applicable value in the field of organic synthesis. The rapid pyrolysis of biomass to produce LGO is a research hotspot in the development and utilization of biomass energy. The application of LGO is mainly limited by its yield: first, it is difficult to prepare LGO by chemical synthesis, and second, the content of LGO in the products obtained by conventional pyrolysis biomass is extremely low, making LGO challenge to produce in large quantities. Catalytic pyrolysis can significantly increase the yield of LGO. Currently, various catalysts which used to prepare LGO, including liquid acid, solid acid, metal chloride and ionic liquid, have achieved evident results, but the effects are individually different. The difference in catalytic effect of various catalysts are analyzed, and a brief conclusion for the challenge in this topic is provided.

Key words: levoglucosenone, biomass, catalytic pyrolysis, catalyst, solid acids, ionic liquids

摘要：

左旋葡聚糖酮（LGO）在有机合成领域有巨大的应用价值，快速热解生物质制取左旋葡聚糖酮是生物质能开发与利用的研究热点。目前LGO的应用主要受到其产量的限制：一是没有较好的化学合成方法，二是常规热解生物质得到的产物中左旋葡聚糖酮的含量极低，使得LGO难以大量生产。催化热解可以显著提高左旋葡聚糖酮的产率，目前用于催化热解生物质制取左旋葡聚糖酮的各类催化剂，包括液体酸、固体酸、金属氯化物、离子液体等均取得了一定的成果，但效果差异明显，因此分析了不同催化剂间的优势与劣势，并对以后的工作进行了展望。

关键词: 左旋葡聚糖酮, 生物质, 催化热解, 催化剂, 固体酸, 离子液体

CLC Number:

TQ 480.10

QIAN Le,JIANG Liqun,YUE Yuanmao,ZHAO Zengli. Research progress of catalytic pyrolysis of biomass to yield levoglucosenone[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(12): 5376-5387.

钱乐,蒋丽群,岳元茂,赵增立. 催化热解生物质生成左旋葡聚糖酮的研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(12): 5376-5387.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig.1 Chemical structure of LGO

Fig.2 Miniature quartz tube and CDS pyrolysis probe

Fig.3 Biomass pyrolysis conversion fixed bed commonly used in laboratory[28]

Fig.4 Device for catalyzing pyrolysis cellulose two-step conversion to yield LGO[29]

Table 1 Different catalysts for catalytic pyrolysis of biomass to obtain LGO

反应底物	催化剂	反应器	热解条件	产率/%(质量)	相对含量/%	文献
纤维素	磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	500℃		34	[31]
桦木	磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	500℃		17	[31]
玉米芯	硫酸	CDS Pyroprobe	300℃	4.9		[32]
纤维素	磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	350℃	22.3		[35]
桦木	磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	350℃	21.08		[36]
纤维素	Fe³⁺	CDS Pyroprobe	500℃		40.7	[37]
纤维素	磷酸	烤箱	620 W	7.65		[38]
纤维素	磷酸	烧瓶与加热套	225℃	12		[39]
木质纤维素	磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	375℃		29~30	[40]
稻壳	NH₄H₂PO₄	CDS Pyroprobe	390℃		34.65	[41]
纤维素	磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	873 K		51.0	[42]
纤维素	磷酸铵	CDS Pyroprobe	873 K		30.9	[42]
玉米芯	硫酸	固定床反应器	800 K	4.5		[43]
甘蔗渣	硫酸	固定床反应器	270℃	7.58		[44]
纤维素	蒙脱石K10	卧式烤箱	350℃	2.9		[45]
纤维素	黏土催化剂	微波热解器	180℃	12.3		[46]
杨木	固体磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	300℃	8.2		[28]
纤维素	固体磷酸	固定床反应器	325℃		85	[47]
纤维素	磷酸活性炭	CDS Pyroprobe	300℃	18.1		[48]
纤维素	磷酸活性炭	固定床反应器	300℃	14.7		[48]
纤维素	磷酸铁	固定床反应器	350℃		32.7	[49]
纤维素	$S O 4 2 -$ /ZrO₂	小型热解炉	335℃	8.14		[50]
纤维素	$S O 4 2 -$ /TiO₂	CDS Pyroprobe	400℃		60	[51]
纤维素	$S O 4 2 -$ /TiO₂-Fe₃O₄	CDS Pyroprobe	300℃	15.4		[52]
纤维素	[BMMIM]CF₃SO₃	玻璃管反应器	350℃	22.0		[53]
纤维素	[BMMIM]CF₃SO₃	玻璃管反应器	300℃	18.1~29.7		[29]
纤维素	[BMMIM]CF₃SO₃	固定床与重整器	380℃	31.6		[54]
纤维素	[BMMIM]OTf	固定床与重整器	500℃	16.6		[55]

Table 1 Different catalysts for catalytic pyrolysis of biomass to obtain LGO

反应底物	催化剂	反应器	热解条件	产率/%(质量)	相对含量/%	文献
纤维素	磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	500℃		34	[31]
桦木	磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	500℃		17	[31]
玉米芯	硫酸	CDS Pyroprobe	300℃	4.9		[32]
纤维素	磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	350℃	22.3		[35]
桦木	磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	350℃	21.08		[36]
纤维素	Fe³⁺	CDS Pyroprobe	500℃		40.7	[37]
纤维素	磷酸	烤箱	620 W	7.65		[38]
纤维素	磷酸	烧瓶与加热套	225℃	12		[39]
木质纤维素	磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	375℃		29~30	[40]
稻壳	NH₄H₂PO₄	CDS Pyroprobe	390℃		34.65	[41]
纤维素	磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	873 K		51.0	[42]
纤维素	磷酸铵	CDS Pyroprobe	873 K		30.9	[42]
玉米芯	硫酸	固定床反应器	800 K	4.5		[43]
甘蔗渣	硫酸	固定床反应器	270℃	7.58		[44]
纤维素	蒙脱石K10	卧式烤箱	350℃	2.9		[45]
纤维素	黏土催化剂	微波热解器	180℃	12.3		[46]
杨木	固体磷酸	CDS Pyroprobe	300℃	8.2		[28]
纤维素	固体磷酸	固定床反应器	325℃		85	[47]
纤维素	磷酸活性炭	CDS Pyroprobe	300℃	18.1		[48]
纤维素	磷酸活性炭	固定床反应器	300℃	14.7		[48]
纤维素	磷酸铁	固定床反应器	350℃		32.7	[49]
纤维素	$S O 4 2 -$ /ZrO₂	小型热解炉	335℃	8.14		[50]
纤维素	$S O 4 2 -$ /TiO₂	CDS Pyroprobe	400℃		60	[51]
纤维素	$S O 4 2 -$ /TiO₂-Fe₃O₄	CDS Pyroprobe	300℃	15.4		[52]
纤维素	[BMMIM]CF₃SO₃	玻璃管反应器	350℃	22.0		[53]
纤维素	[BMMIM]CF₃SO₃	玻璃管反应器	300℃	18.1~29.7		[29]
纤维素	[BMMIM]CF₃SO₃	固定床与重整器	380℃	31.6		[54]
纤维素	[BMMIM]OTf	固定床与重整器	500℃	16.6		[55]

Fig.5 Acid-catalyzed conversion of LG to LGO

Fig.6 Non-catalytic and H3PO4 catalyzed conversion of LG to LGO

Fig.7 Acid-catalyzed pyrolysis of cellulose to LGO pathway

Fig.8 Ionic liquid [BMMIM]CF3SO3 catalyzes the conversion of LG to LGO

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