Abstract:

Nano-silica serves as a reinforcing agent in silicone rubber matrices, forming an interconnected network that significantly increases properties such as tensile strength, modulus, and wear resistance. However, the surface of nano-silica is rich in hydroxyl groups, easy to agglomerate, and the direct application effect is poor. It is necessary to graft organic groups on its surface to improve its dispersibility, compatibility and functionality in silicone rubber. This review focused on the interactions between modified nano-silica particles and silicone rubber, summarized recent advances in surface organic modification using dispersible and cross-linkable functional groups. The molecular structure characteristics of silicone rubber are explained, the modification effect of modifiers on the particle surface and the mechanism of action between the particle surface and silicone rubber are analyzed, and the research progress of nano-silica reinforcement mechanism of silicone rubber is summarized. Perspectives are proposed for the rational selection of modifiers, the strategic design of modification processes, and the precise control of particle dispersion and cross-linking to optimize silicone rubber performance.

Key words: silicon dioxide, surface, modification, polymer, silicone rubber

摘要：

纳米二氧化硅作为补强剂分散在硅橡胶基体中，与硅橡胶基体相互连接，可以显著提高拉伸强度、模量、耐磨性等性能。但纳米二氧化硅表面富含羟基，易于团聚，直接应用效果差，需要在其表面接枝有机基团，提高其在硅橡胶中的分散性、相容性和功能性。针对改性二氧化硅颗粒与硅橡胶间的相互作用，综述了含可分散基团和可交联基团修饰剂对纳米二氧化硅颗粒表面有机修饰的研究进展，阐述了硅橡胶的分子结构特性，分析了修饰剂对颗粒表面的修饰效果以及颗粒表面与硅橡胶间的作用机制，总结了纳米二氧化硅补强硅橡胶机理研究进展，对合理选择修饰剂和设计修饰工艺，科学调控分散和交联提出了展望。

关键词: 二氧化硅, 表面, 修饰, 聚合物, 硅橡胶