R1234ze（E）在泡沫金属管内的流动沸腾换热和压降特性

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20210438

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

泡沫金属具有超大比表面积和高热导率，将其填充于换热管内可用于制冷空调系统的强化传热。研究了R1234ze(E) 在泡沫金属管内的流动沸腾换热和压降特性。实验工况为：干度0.1~0.9，质流密度90~180 kg·m^-2?s^-1，热通量12.4~18.6 kW·m^-2。测试样件为泡沫铜填充管，孔密度为10~40 PPI、孔隙率为90%~95%。实验结果表明，R1234ze(E) 比R410A的传热系数低2%~10%，两相压降低30%~42%；当干度大于0.8时，低质流密度下泡沫金属管内传热系数随干度的增加增幅更大；泡沫金属在强化流动沸腾换热的同时，造成压降显著增加，换热影响因子的范围为1.23~2.90，压降影响因子的范围为6~45。开发了适用于R1234ze(E) 的泡沫金属管内流动沸腾换热和压降关联式，传热系数和两相压降的预测值与95%的实验值误差分别在±15%和±25%以内。

关键词: 流动沸腾, 泡沫金属, R1234ze(E), 传热, 压降

Abstract:

Metal foam has large specific surface area and high thermal conductivity, and can be used to enhance heat transfer in refrigeration and air-conditioning systems by filling it in the heat exchange tube. The flow boiling heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of R1234ze(E) in metal foam filled tubes are experimentally studied. The experimental conditions cover vapor quality of 0.1—0.9, mass flux of 90—180 kg·m^-2?s^-1 and heat flux of 12.4—18.6 kW·m^-2. The test samples are copper foam filled tubes with the pore density ranging from 10 PPI to 40 PPI and the porosity ranging from 90% to 95%. The experimental results show that, the heat transfer coefficient and two-phase pressure of R1234ze(E) are 2%—10% and 30%—42% lower than those of R410A, respectively. As the vapor quality increases (x>0.8), the increment in heat transfer coefficient of the metal foam filled tube is more significant under low heat flux conditions. Metal foam enhances flow boiling heat transfer at the cost of increased pressure drop, metal foam effect factor for heat transfer ranges from 1.23 to 2.90 and effect factor for pressure drop ranges from 6 to 45. New correlations for flow boiling of R1234ze(E) in metal foam filled tubes is developed. The predicted values of heat transfer coefficient and two-phase pressure drop agree with 95% of experimental data within a deviation of ±15% and ±25%, respectively.

Key words: flow boiling, metal foam, R1234ze(E), heat transfer, pressure drop

中图分类号:

TK 124

赵雅鑫,赖展程,胡海涛. R1234ze（E）在泡沫金属管内的流动沸腾换热和压降特性[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(10): 5074-5081.

Yaxin ZHAO,Zhancheng LAI,Haitao HU. Flow boiling heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of R1234ze(E) in metal foam filled tubes[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(10): 5074-5081.

图/表 8

图1 实验系统原理

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of experimental apparatus

图2 泡沫金属管结构

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of the metal foam filled tube

表1 实验参数的测量精度

Table 1 Measurement accuracy of experimental parameters

实验参数	测量仪表	型号	量程	误差
质量流量	科氏流量计	EMERSON CMF010M	0~108 kg·h^-1	±0.1% FS
加热功率	功率表	YOTO	0~1.0 kW	±0.1% FS
温度	热电偶	OMEGA 5TC-TT-30	0~100℃	±0.1℃
压力	压力传感器	DRUCK PTX 5072	0~2.5 MPa	±0.1% FS
压降	压差传感器	ZHENGDE 106DP	0~100 kPa	±0.1% FS

图3 热通量对泡沫金属管内换热和压降特性的影响（G=180 kg·m-2·s-1）q=18.6 kW·m-2: ◆ Smooth tube; ■ 10 PPI,95%;▲ 20 PPI,95%;● 40 PPI,95%; ▼ 20 PPI,95%q=12.4 kW·m-2: ◇ Smooth tube; □ 10 PPI,95%;△ 20 PPI,95%; ○ 40 PPI,95%; ▽ 20 PPI,95%10 PPI,95%, di=7.9 mm, R410A[12];20 PPI,90%, di=26 mm, R134a[7]

Fig.3 Effect of heat flux on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics in metal foam filled tubes

图4 质流密度对泡沫金属管内换热和压降特性的影响（q=18.6 kW·m-2）G=180 kg·m-2·s-1: ◆ Smooth tube; ■ 10 PPI,95%;▲ 20 PPI,95%;● 40 PPI,95%,;▼ 20 PPI,90% G=90 kg·m-2·s-1: ◇ Smooth tube; □ 10 PPI,95%;△ 20 PPI,95%; ○ 40 PPI,95%; ▽ 20 PPI,90%

Fig.4 Effect of mass flux on heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics in metal foam filled tubes

图5 泡沫金属结构对EFMF,h和EFMF,p的影响(G=90 kg·m-2·s-1)q=18.6 kW·m-2: ■ 10 PPI,95%;▲ 20 PPI,95%; ● 40 PPI,95%;▼ 20 PPI,90%q=12.4 kW·m-2: □ 10 PPI,95%;△ 20 PPI,95%; ○ 40 PPI,95%; ▽ 20 PPI,90%

Fig.5 Effect of metal foam structure on EFMF,h and EFMF,p

图6 已有关联式预测值与实验值的对比

Fig.6 Comparison of predicted values of existing correlations with experimental data

图7 新关联式预测值与实验值的对比

Fig.7 Comparison of predicted values of new correlations with experimental data

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