泡沫铜导离气泡强化流动沸腾换热实验研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20240109

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

流动沸腾作为一种高效的换热方法，被广泛应用于高热流设备的冷却。在流动沸腾换热过程中可通过设置多孔疏水结构促进沸腾气泡脱离，为强化沸腾换热提供新思路。在截面为6 mm×4 mm的矩形通道顶部添加浸润角为140°的多孔泡沫铜；并在液相入口温度70 ℃、75 ℃和80 ℃，流速为6.94 cm/s、10.42 cm/s和13.89 cm/s的不同工况下，观测通道内沸腾两相流流型变化以及泡沫铜的吸气过程对流动沸腾换热性能的影响；基于气泡受力分析获得泡沫铜吸气强化流动沸腾的换热机理。结果显示，在本实验工况范围内添加脱气泡沫铜后，壁面过热度下降可达20.7%；泡沫铜的吸气率为0.81时，热通量可提高至152%；增大入口流速，泡沫铜强化效果显著增大，而入口温度对泡沫铜的吸气效果影响不明显。

关键词: 传热, 浸润性, 泡沫铜, 气液两相流, 气泡

Abstract:

Flow boiling, as a highly efficient heat transfer pattern, has been extensively employed in the cooling of high heat flux equipment. An independent porous hydrophobic structure designed in the flow boiling can promote the boiling bubble's departure and provide a new method to enhance the boiling heat transfer. Under various conditions including the inlet temperatures of liquid at 70 ℃, 75 ℃, and 80 ℃, flow velocity of 6.94 cm/s, 10.42 cm/s, and 13.89 cm/s, the flow pattern changes, the bubble suction process into copper foam and its effect on heat transfer performance were monitored. Based on the force analysis of boiling bubbles, the enhancement mechanism of superhydrophobic foam was obtained. As a result, the wall superheat decreases by 20.7% at high heat flux, and the heat flux is improved to 152% when the degassing rate of copper foam reaches 0.81 during experiments. The inlet flow velocity shows an obvious effect on the degassing process and heat transfer enhancement performance, while, the effect of inlet temperature can be ignored.

Key words: heat transfer, wettability, copper foam, gas-liquid flow, bubble

中图分类号:

TK121

关朝阳, 黄国庆, 张一喃, 陈宏霞, 杜小泽. 泡沫铜导离气泡强化流动沸腾换热实验研究[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20240109.

Chaoyang GUAN, Guoqing HUANG, Yinan ZHANG, Hongxia CHEN, Xiaoze DU. Experimental study on enhancement of flow boiling through degassing with copper foam[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20240109.

图/表 14

图1 实验系统图

Fig.1 Experimental system schematic

图2 泡沫铜强化流动沸腾实验段

Fig.2 Test section of flow boiling with the copper foam

图3 单相对流换热性能

Fig.3 Single-phase convective heat transfer

图4 基于实验数据修正计算公式 (a) 经典Sieder-Tate公式 (b) 修正后公式

Fig.4 Model modification based on experimental results (a) Classic Sieder-Tate formula (b) Modified formula

图5 修正流动沸腾叠加模型预测的壁面热通量与实验数据结果对比

Fig.5 Comparison of wall heat flux predicted by modified flow-boiling model with experimental data

图6 流动沸腾热通量强化效果

Fig.6 Flow boiling heat flux enhancement

图7 沸腾初期气泡合并过程

Fig.7 Boiling bubble merging at initiation

图8 剧烈沸腾阶段不同流型下泡沫金属的脱气过程

Fig.8 Degassing process of copper foam for various flow pattern in intense boiling

图9 换热热通量随入口温度的变化

Fig.9 variation of heat flux with different inlet temperatures

图10 换热热通量随不同流速的变化

Fig.10 variation of heat flux with different flow velocity

图11 不同工况下泡沫铜通道的吸气率及换热热流强化倍数

Fig.11 Degassing rate of copper foam and heat transfer enhancement performance under different conditions

图12 流动沸腾加热壁面气泡受力分析

Fig.12 Force analysis of a bubble growing on the heating wall of flow boiling

图13 液相推动作用下沸腾气泡生长滑移过程中被泡沫铜吸收

Fig.13 Bubble degassing by copper foam with liquid shear force in process of growing and sliding

图14 不同流速时气塞的滑移距离对比

Fig.14 Comparison of slip distance of a bubble slug with different flow velocity

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