中高温环境下VOCs在活性炭上的吸附性能研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20190669

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

选用3种商用活性炭及其分别经HCl溶液和KOH溶液浸渍改性的商用活性炭，研究中高温烟气环境下，反应空速、吸附温度对挥发性有机物（VOCs）吸附性能的影响，以及VOCs种类、吸附剂特性等与VOCs吸脱附效果的关系。研究发现：空速对吸附穿透时间影响较大，但对饱和吸附量影响不显著。吸附温度与VOCs浓度对饱和吸附量存在较大影响，150℃时甲苯的饱和吸附量仅能达到90℃时的40％。高沸点吸附质更易被吸附，更难被脱附。

关键词: VOCs, 活性炭, 吸附, 沸点, 脱附

Abstract:

A total of 5 kinds of activated carbons were selected, including 3 kinds of commercial activated carbons, one of which was impregnated with HCl solution and KOH solution, to study the influence of space velocity and adsorption temperature on the adsorption of volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and the influence of types of VOCs and characteristics of adsorbents on the adsorption and desorption of VOCs at high temperature and low concentration. It was found that the space velocity had a great effect on the adsorption penetration time, but did not affect the adsorption capacity. Adsorption temperature and the concentration of VOCs was found to have a great influence on the adsorption capacity, and when the adsorption temperature was 150℃, adsorption capacity of adsorbent to toluene can only reach 40% of that at 90℃. High-boiling adsorbates are more easily adsorbed and more difficult to desorb.

Key words: VOCs, activated carbon, adsorption, boiling point, desorption

中图分类号:

X 51

张智, 马修卫, 李津津, 杨林军. 中高温环境下VOCs在活性炭上的吸附性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2019, 70(12): 4811-4820.

Zhi ZHANG, Xiuwei MA, Jinjin LI, Linjun YANG. Study on adsorption capacity of VOCs on activated carbon at medium-high temperature[J]. CIESC Journal, 2019, 70(12): 4811-4820.

图/表 10

图1 VOCs吸附-脱附实验装置示意图 1—高纯氮气瓶；2—截止阀；3—质量流量计；4—恒温箱；5—VOCs挥发瓶；6—单向阀；7—静态混合器；8—三通阀；9—管式炉；10—石英管；11—FID检测器；12—热电偶温控箱

Fig.1 System diagram of VOCs adsorption-desorption experiments

表1 吸附质物理性质[15,16,17,18]

Table 1 Physical characteristics of adsorbates

吸附质	分子量	沸点/℃	偶极矩/D^①	相对介电常数	分子最大横截面积/nm²
苯	78.11	80.1	0	2.274~2.292	0.4946
甲苯	92.14	110.6	0.375	2.364~2.385	0.5189
对二甲苯	106.167	138.5	0	2.22~2.273	0.5681
对二氯苯	147	174	0	2.394	0.6354
苯酚	94.11	181.9	1.224	9.78~12.40	0.5053

图2 吸附剂比表面积测试结果

Fig.2 Specific surface area test results of adsorbents

表2 吸附剂比表面积和孔结构

Table 2 Specific surface area and structure of AC

吸附剂	比表面积/(m²/g)		孔容/(cm³/g)		平均孔径/nm
吸附剂	总比表面积	微孔	总孔容	微孔	平均孔径/nm
HYK	931.09	911.56	0.44	0.38	1.90
KYK	932.60	917.12	0.42	0.38	1.93
YK	937.59	928.81	0.45	0.39	1.91
MU	148.14	140.73	0.09	0.06	2.41
MEI	803.1	749.51	0.47	0.33	2.33

图3 XPS测试结果

Fig.3 XPS test results

表3 吸附剂元素和官能团含量

Table 3 Element and functional group content of AC

吸附剂	元素含量/%			官能团含量/%
吸附剂	C	O	N	石墨碳	C—O	CO	COOH
HYK	90.46	8.26	1.28	60.98	11.59	10.98	7.93
KYK	91.36	7.15	1.49	63.29	12.03	9.50	7.59
YK	91.12	7.74	1.14	64.52	10.32	6.45	8.39
MU	85.52	13.32	1.16	59.17	15.98	7.69	8.88
MEI	87.12	10.77	2.11	60.98	12.80	6.71	9.15

图4 空速对吸附过程的影响

Fig.4 Effect of space velocity on adsorption process

图5 温度对吸附过程的影响

Fig.5 Effect of temperature on adsorption process

图6 活性炭对不同VOCs的吸附穿透曲线

Fig.6 Breakthrough curves of different VOCs on AC

图7 不同有机物在活性炭上的脱附曲线

Fig.7 Desorption curves of different VOCs on AC

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