新型太阳能/空气能直膨式热泵与空气源热泵供热性能对比

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20191138

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对传统空气源热泵制热时极易出现室外机结霜的现象，提出了可同时吸收太阳能和空气能的新型太阳能/空气能直膨式热泵机组，把太阳能集热器和热泵蒸发器合二为一，使室外机结霜得到有效缓解。为了验证新型太阳能/空气能直膨式热泵机组性能优劣，分别搭建新型太阳能/空气能直膨式热泵系统和空气源热泵系统，在2月26日—3月2日期间，对邯郸某一农村建筑的地板辐射采暖用户进行5天实际测试，对比分析了两种系统的制热性能、耗电量和COP变化情况。通过测试发现室外平均温度为10℃，太阳辐射达到峰值571.5 W·m^-2时太阳能/空气能直膨式热泵的制热量较空气源热泵提高大约70%，全天总制热量较空气源热泵提高大约12%。0～8℃的低温状态时，COP值仍可达到3.46，基本满足建筑采暖需求。并在此基础上对太阳能-空气能直膨式热泵提出进一步的优化措施，逐步推广其在寒冷地区的实际应用。

关键词: 太阳能, 空气源热泵, 直膨式热泵系统, 系统性能, 对比分析

Abstract:

In view of the fact that, during heating, the traditional air source heat pump when placed outdoors is very prone to frost, a new type of direct expansion solar / air-assisted heat pump was proposed, which can absorb solar energy as well as air energy at the same time. Due to this creation, namely, the combination of solar collector and heat pump evaporator, the frost issue can be effectively alleviated. To verify its performance, a new direct expansion solar / air-assisted heat pump system and an air source heat pump system were established. From Feb. 26th to Mar. 2nd, a 5-day practical test on the floor radiant heating of rural buildings was conducted in a village of Handan City. Then, based on the results, we conducted comparative analysis on the two systems’ heating performance, power consumption, and the change of COP. It is found that when the average outdoor temperature is 10℃, and the solar radiation reaches the peak of 571.5 W/m², the heating capacity of the direct expansion solar / air-assisted heat pump increased approximately 70% and its total heating capacity of the day increased about 12% compared with the air source heat pump. And when the temperature is between 0℃ and 8℃, the COP can still reach 3.46, the heating needs can be basically met. Furthermore, we optimized the new type heat pump, and hopes to gradually promote its practical application in cold regions.

Key words: solar energy, air source heat pump, direct expansion heat pump system, system performance, comparative analysis

中图分类号:

TK 519

马坤茹, 李雪峰, 李思琦, 高翠娟. 新型太阳能/空气能直膨式热泵与空气源热泵供热性能对比[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(S1): 375-381.

Kunru MA, Xuefeng LI, Siqi LI, Cuijuan GAO. Contrastive research of heating performance of direct expansion solar/air assisted heat pump system and air-source heat pump[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(S1): 375-381.

图/表 9

图1 太阳能/空气源复合直膨式热泵实物1—太阳能/空气能集热蒸发器；2—压缩机；3—水侧换热器；4—电子膨胀阀；5—经济器；6—过滤器；7—电磁阀；8—四通换向阀；9—气液分离器；10—单向阀

Fig.1 Solar/air source composite direct expansion heat pump system diagram

图2 邯郸采暖建筑面积

Fig.2 Heating floor area in Handan

表1 邯郸二层建筑热负荷

Table 1 Heat load of two-storey building in Handan

建筑热负荷统计	数值
全年最大热负荷/kW	20.85
全年累计热负荷/(kW·h)	32626.15
全年最大热负荷指标/(W·m^-2)	130.31
全年累计热负荷指标/(kW·h·m^-2）	203.91
采暖季热负荷指标/(W·m^-2)	70.81

表2 系统设计参数

Table 2 System design parameters table

部件	参数	数值
太阳能集热蒸发器	面积/m²	25
太阳能集热蒸发器	倾斜角/(°)	36
压缩机	型号	6P变频(松下H420D5VZAAJ2)
	制热量/kW	17.42
	功率/kW	4.22
冷凝器	型号	套管?42×6 m
膨胀阀	型号	TEX18
空气源热泵(干球温度-12℃)	型号	KFRS-070/HE3DF
	制热量/kW	12.24
	额定功率/kW	5.57

图3 邯郸地区气象参数

Fig.3 Meteorological parameters in Handan

图4 热泵制热量随时间的变化趋势

Fig.4 Change trend of heat production of heat pump with time

图5 热泵耗电量随时间的变化趋势

Fig.5 Change trend of power consumption of heat pump with time

图6 热泵COP随时间的变化趋势

Fig.6 Change trend of COP of heat pump with time

图7 太阳能/空气能直膨式热泵在5天中的运行指标

Fig.7 Direct expansion solar/air assisted heat pump operating index in 5 days

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