太阳能利用透光表面超疏水增透膜研究进展

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20201321

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

透明超疏水性表面可以阻挡大气尘埃附着，减少表面反射率，提高透光率。超疏水增透膜与传统增透膜相比，具有自清洁性、低反射率和高透光性等优势。本文对增透膜和超疏水表面的基本原理进行了介绍，对比了近年来超疏水增透膜的4种制备方法（沉积法、刻蚀法、自组装法和溶胶-凝胶法）的优缺点，说明了高透光性和低反射率的超疏水表面研究进展。最后对超疏水性增透涂料的潜在应用前景进行了展望，改善超疏水增透膜的耐久性和开发适用于各种应用场合的超疏水增透膜将是未来研究的重点。

关键词: 超疏水, 抗反射, 自清洁, 透光率, 太阳能

Abstract:

Applications of transparent superhydrophobic surface can block the adhesion of atmospheric dust, reduce the surface reflectivity and improve the transmittance rate. Compared with the traditional anti-reflection film, the superhydrophobic anti-reflection film has the advantages of self-cleaning, low reflectance and high transmittance rate. The basic concept and principle of transparent superhydrophobic surface was introduced. The advantages and disadvantages of four preparation methods (deposition method, etching method, self-assembly method and sol-gel method) of superhydrophobic anti-reflection films in recent years were compared and the research progress of functional superhydrophobic surfaces in recent years was reviewed. Finally, the potential application of superhydrophobic anti-reflection coatings was prospected. The future research will focus on improving the performance of superhydrophobic anti-reflection films and developing advanced superhydrophobic anti-reflection films suitable for various applications.

Key words: superhydrophobic, anti-reflection, self-cleaning, transmittance rate, solar energy

中图分类号:

TQ 63

吴延鹏, 雷晓宇, 陆禹名, 陈卉妮. 太阳能利用透光表面超疏水增透膜研究进展[J]. 化工学报, 2021, 72(S1): 21-29.

WU Yanpeng, LEI Xiaoyu, LU Yuming, CHEN Huini. Research progress of superhydrophobic anti-reflection films applied on transparent surfaces of solar devices[J]. CIESC Journal, 2021, 72(S1): 21-29.

图/表 11

参考文献 24

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文献	基底	接触角/(°)	滑动角/(°)	透光率/%
[16]	PET	＞150	—	＞90
[23]	玻璃	154	—	82
[24]	硅、玻璃、环氧树脂和织物	＞160	小于5	几乎100
[17]	玻璃	152	8	90
[25]	玻璃	165±1	1	80
[26]	玻璃	＞150	—	＞90
[27]	玻璃	167	4	62.6
[28]	太阳能板、玻璃	161.33±0.763	7.7±0.8	90
[29]	适用于各种基底	153±1.7	18±3.9	＞98
[19]	玻璃	160	—	反射率6.5~7
[20]	玻璃	—	—	91.5~93
[21]	铝片	158.7	—	透明（未测试）
[10]	玻璃	163	2.6	89.7
[18]	玻璃	165.7	2.1	90
[18]	玻璃	165.7	2.19	90
[22]	玻璃	165	＜10	—
[30]	PTFE	150	—	92.91

文献	基底	接触角/(°)	滑动角/(°)	透光率/%
[16]	PET	＞150	—	＞90
[23]	玻璃	154	—	82
[24]	硅、玻璃、环氧树脂和织物	＞160	小于5	几乎100
[17]	玻璃	152	8	90
[25]	玻璃	165±1	1	80
[26]	玻璃	＞150	—	＞90
[27]	玻璃	167	4	62.6
[28]	太阳能板、玻璃	161.33±0.763	7.7±0.8	90
[29]	适用于各种基底	153±1.7	18±3.9	＞98
[19]	玻璃	160	—	反射率6.5~7
[20]	玻璃	—	—	91.5~93
[21]	铝片	158.7	—	透明（未测试）
[10]	玻璃	163	2.6	89.7
[18]	玻璃	165.7	2.1	90
[18]	玻璃	165.7	2.19	90
[22]	玻璃	165	＜10	—
[30]	PTFE	150	—	92.91

文献	基底	接触角/(°)	滑动角/(°)	透光率/%
[35]	玻璃	171	4	85
[36]	硅、石英	159	—	>80
[37]	玻璃	162	2	92
[33]	硅片	169	<3	反射率4
[38]	玻璃	>155	—	反射率0.96
[34]	聚二甲硅氧烷	166	<2	>85
[32]	硅片	139	—	反射率1.48

文献	基底	接触角/(°)	滑动角/(°)	透光率/%
[35]	玻璃	171	4	85
[36]	硅、石英	159	—	>80
[37]	玻璃	162	2	92
[33]	硅片	169	<3	反射率4
[38]	玻璃	>155	—	反射率0.96
[34]	聚二甲硅氧烷	166	<2	>85
[32]	硅片	139	—	反射率1.48

文献	基底	接触角/(°)	滑动角/(°)	透光率/%
[45]	PET薄膜	160	＜2	94.2
[43]	玻璃	159±2	7±1.5	85
[15]	玻璃	160.2	—	83.5
[7]	PET薄膜	154	7	94
[39]	塑料	164	5.2±1.1	93.2
[41]	玻璃	156	1	反射率2.9
[42]	玻璃	173±2	2±1	93
[44]	玻璃	150.1	—	77.6