自然循环窄矩形通道内过冷沸腾两相摩擦阻力特性

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20191379

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

采用去离子水作为实验工质，在低压低流速自然循环工况下开展了单面加热可视化窄矩形通道内的过冷沸腾摩擦阻力特性实验研究。实验中测量了实验段内的压降数据，并通过高速摄影仪拍摄了窄矩形通道内的气液两相图像，提出了过冷沸腾条件下的两相摩擦压降的剥离计算方法。基于本实验中获得摩擦压降数据，对分别基于均相流模型和分液相模型的经典两相摩擦压降计算关系式进行了评估，实验结果表明：采用不同等效黏度计算方法的均相流模型计算结果比实验值明显偏小；而分相流模型中，Sun and Mishiba关系式和Tran关系式均能够较好地预测摩擦阻力，计算值与实验值的平均相对偏差在±15%以内。结合实验数据，以分相流模型方法为基础，考虑全液相Reynolds数、Martinelli参数和Laplace数的影响，获得了计算分液相折算系数的经验关系式，与实验数据符合较好, 平均相对误差在10%范围内。

关键词: 两相流, 气泡, 空隙率, 自然循环, 窄矩形通道, 过冷沸腾, 可视化, 两相摩擦压降

Abstract:

Using deionized water as the experimental working medium, an experimental study of the frictional resistance characteristics of subcooled boiling in a narrow rectangular channel under single-sided heating visualization was carried out under low pressure and low flow rate natural circulation conditions. In the experiment study, the pressure drop data in the narrow rectangular test section was measured, high-speed camera was used as well to capture the two-phase flow images, calculation method that separates the two-phase frictional pressure drop in subcooled flow boiling was brought out. Based on the experimental data obtained, evaluation study of classical two-phase frictional pressure drop correlations from homogeneous flow and separated flow modes were carried out. The experimental results indicates that correlations that based on two-phase equivalent viscosity from homogeneous flow models significantly under estimate the friction pressure drop. Sun and Mishiba correlations and Tran correlations from separated flow models can predict the friction pressure drop pretty well with mean relative error under 15% error bands. Based on the experimental data obtained, empirically correlations for two-phase multiplier was obtained by considering the effect of liquid only Reynolds number, Martinelli parameter and Laplace number. The mean relative error of predicted result with the experimental data is within 10% error band.

Key words: two-phase flow, bubble, voidage, natural circulation, narrow rectangular channel, subcooled flow boiling, visualization, two-phase frictional pressure drop

中图分类号:

TL 334

杨宽, 阎昌琪, 曹夏昕. 自然循环窄矩形通道内过冷沸腾两相摩擦阻力特性[J]. 化工学报, 2020, 71(7): 3060-3070.

Kuan YANG, Changqi YAN, Xiaxin CAO. Subcooled flow boiling resistance characteristics in narrow rectangular channel under natural circulation condition[J]. CIESC Journal, 2020, 71(7): 3060-3070.

图/表 15

图1 实验装置流程

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of experimental apparatus

图2 实验段本体结构

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of test section

表1 测量仪表参数

Table 1 Parameters of measurement instruments

测量装置	型号	量程	精度	响应时间
电磁流量计	科隆OPTIFLUX4000F	-0.1~1.0 m³/h	0.2%	5ms
差压传感器1	横河EJA110E	-1.0~1.0 kPa	0.055%	90ms
差压传感器2	横河EJA110E	-2.0~2.0 kPa	0.055%	90ms
差压传感器3	罗斯蒙特3051CD	-3.0~5.0 kPa	0.075%	100ms

图3 窄矩形通道在冷态等温条件下的单相阻力特性曲线

Fig.3 Single-phase friction coefficient characteristic in isothermal condition

图4 过冷沸腾起始点处的气泡图像

Fig.4 Bubble images at point of nucleate boiling

图5 不同热工工况下的气泡图像

Fig.5 Bubble images in varies set of working condition

表2 实验参数范围

Table 2 Range of experimental parameters

实验参数	范围
系统压力	0.1~0.3 MPa
入口过冷度	20~70℃
热通量	80~250 kW/m²
质量流速	0~500 kg/(m²·s)

图6 均相流模型的计算结果和实验值的比较

Fig.6 Comparison of calculation results of homogeneous models with experimental data

表3 均相流模型计算结果和实验值比较

Table 3 Comparison of calculation results of homogeneous models with experimental data

模型	MRE/%	Ω/%
McAdams模型^[20]	18.85	85.71
Dukler模型^[21]	20.681	82.14
Beattie and Whalley模型^[22]	16.67	96.43
Awad and Muzychka模型^[23]	18.80	85.71

图7 分液相折算系数方法的计算结果和实验值的比较

Fig.7 Comparison of calculation results of ??l2 based models with experimental data

表4 分液相折算系数方法的计算结果和实验值比较

Table 4 Comparison of calculation results of ?l2 based models with experimental data

模型	MRE/%	Ω/%
Chisholm C模型^[8]	17.41	85.71
王广飞关系式^[4]	88.13	0
Mishiba and Hibiki模型^[24]	34.80	28.57
Lee and Lee模型^[25]	36.52	32.14
Sun and Mishiba模型^[26]	12.21	100
Zhang and Mishiba模型^[27]	15.38	85.71

图8 全液相折算系数方法的计算结果和实验值的比较

Fig.8 Comparison of calculation results of ?lo2 based models with experimental data

表5 全液相折算系数方法计算结果和实验值比较

Table 5 Comparison of calculation results of ?lo2 based models with experimental data

模型	MRE/%	Ω/%
Chisholm B模型^[28]	11.08	96.43
Muller-Steinhagen and Heck模型^[29]	19.28	85.71
Tran模型^[30]	12.28	96.43

图9 拟合关系式的计算结果和实验值的比较

Fig.9 Comparison of calculation results of new correlation with experimental data

图10 本文计算方法与文献[31]实验数据的对比

Fig.10 Comparison of present calculation methods with experimental data from Ref.[31]

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