Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层对颗粒污垢沉积特性影响研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20220909

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层对颗粒污垢沉积特性的影响，利用化学镀工艺在碳钢表面制备Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层，以TiO₂纳米颗粒为研究对象，通过实验和理论分析的方式研究了不同表面能（PTFE浓度）下Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层在TiO₂悬浮液中的颗粒污垢沉积特性。结果表明：相比于碳钢试样，Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层对于TiO₂颗粒沉积具有较好的抑制效果。随着PTFE浓度的增加，复合镀层的表面能降低，污垢沉积量呈下降趋势，在表面能为26.8 mJ/m²（PTFE=12 ml/L）时，TiO₂颗粒污垢在Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层的沉积量最小。实验结果与应用扩展的DLVO理论计算出的最佳表面能结果相一致，也为针对不同类型颗粒在换热表面的沉积的抑垢提供了指导施镀的依据。

关键词: 结垢, 复合镀层, 表面能, 粒子, 表面

Abstract:

To explore the effect of Ni-P-PTFE composite coating on particle fouling characteristics, the Ni-P-PTFE composite coating was prepared on the surface of carbon steel by electroless plating process. Taking TiO₂ nanoparticles as the research object, the particle fouling deposition characteristics of Ni-P-PTFE composite coatings in TiO₂ suspensions under different surface energies (PTFE concentrations) were studied through experiments and theoretical analysis. The results show that the Ni-P-PTFE composite coating has better inhibition effect on TiO₂ particulate deposition compared with carbon steel. With the increase of PTFE concentration, the surface energy of the composite coating decreases and the fouling deposition tends to decrease. The deposition of TiO₂ particulate fouling in the Ni-P-PTFE composite coating is the smallest at the surface energy of 26.8 mJ/m² (PTFE=12 ml/L). The experimental results are consistent with the optimal surface energy results calculated by the extended DLVO theory, and also provide a guiding basis for the anti-fouling of different types of particles deposited on heat exchange surfaces.

Key words: fouling, composite coating, surface energy, particle, surface

中图分类号:

TK 124

王景涛, 宋凡福, 徐志明, 贾玉婷. Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层对颗粒污垢沉积特性影响研究[J]. 化工学报, 2022, 73(10): 4594-4602.

Jingtao WANG, Fanfu SONG, Zhiming XU, Yuting JIA. Study on the effect of Ni-P-PTFE composite coating on the deposition characteristics of particulate fouling[J]. CIESC Journal, 2022, 73(10): 4594-4602.

图/表 17

表1 Ni-P-PTFE镀液配方

Table 1 Bath formulations of Ni-P-PTFE

配方	物质	浓度
主盐	硫酸镍	25 g/L
还原剂	次亚磷酸钠	30 g/L
缓冲剂	无水乙酸钠	10 g/L
加速剂	氨基乙酸(甘氨酸)	4 g/L
络合剂	柠檬酸钠	6 g/L
络合剂	乳酸	20 g/L
纳米粒子	PTFE	8~14 ml/L
稳定剂	碘化钾	10 ml/L
表面活性剂	FC-4（全氟辛基季铵碘化物）	0.2 g/L

图1 碳钢表面形貌

Fig.1 Surface morphology of carbon steel

图2 Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层表面形貌

Fig.2 Surface morphology of Ni-P-PTFE composite coating

表2 Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层试样元素质量分数

Table 2 Ni-P-PTFE composite coating sample element mass percentage

元素	质量分数/%
P	8.5
Ni	65
F	11.17
C	13.13
O	1.88
Fe	0.32

表3 测试液体的表面能［28］

Table 3 The surface energy of the liquid［28］

测试液体	表面能/(mJ/m²)
测试液体	γ^L	γ^LW	γ^AB	γ⁺	γ^-
水	72.8	21.8	51.0	25.5	25.5
二碘甲烷	50.8	50.8	0	0	0
乙二醇	48.0	29.0	419.0	1.9	47.0

表4 碳钢和不同PTFE浓度下Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层的表面能参数

Table 4 Surface energy of carbon steel and Ni-P-PTFE composite coatings at different concentrations of PTFE

表面	PTFE浓度/(ml/L)	$θ W$ /(°)	$θ D i$ / (°)	$θ E G$ / (°)	$γ L W$ / (mJ/m²)	$γ +$ / (mJ/m²)	$γ -$ / (mJ/m²)	$γ T O T$ / (mJ/m²)
碳钢		82.8	50.6	62.2	33.9	0.004	8.22	34.0
镀层1	8	85.7	59.5	74.7	28.9	0.2	10.5	31.8
镀层2	10	93.1	62.1	79.4	27.3	0.2	5.9	29.6
镀层3	12	94.7	65.0	71.0	25.7	0.1	2.5	26.8
镀层4	14	99.8	68.0	82.4	24.0	0.05	2.8	24.7

表4 碳钢和不同PTFE浓度下Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层的表面能参数

Table 4 Surface energy of carbon steel and Ni-P-PTFE composite coatings at different concentrations of PTFE

表面	PTFE浓度/(ml/L)	$θ W$ /(°)	$θ D i$ / (°)	$θ E G$ / (°)	$γ L W$ / (mJ/m²)	$γ +$ / (mJ/m²)	$γ -$ / (mJ/m²)	$γ T O T$ / (mJ/m²)
碳钢		82.8	50.6	62.2	33.9	0.004	8.22	34.0
镀层1	8	85.7	59.5	74.7	28.9	0.2	10.5	31.8
镀层2	10	93.1	62.1	79.4	27.3	0.2	5.9	29.6
镀层3	12	94.7	65.0	71.0	25.7	0.1	2.5	26.8
镀层4	14	99.8	68.0	82.4	24.0	0.05	2.8	24.7

表5 TiO2纳米颗粒的相关参数

Table 5 Parameters of TiO2 nanoparticles

种类

平均

粒径/nm

纯度/%

比表面积/（m²/g)

密度/

(g/cm³)

TiO₂

图3 流动实验平台

Fig.3 Flow test platform

图4 碳钢及Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层试样实验前后宏观形貌

Fig.4 Macroscopic morphology of carbon steel and Ni-P-PTFE composite coatings before and after experiments

图5 Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层试样实验前后微观表面形貌

Fig.5 Microstructure of Ni-P-PTFE composite coatings before and after experiment

图6 碳钢和Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层试样的污垢沉积量

Fig.6 Fouling deposition of carbon steel and Ni-P-PTFE composite coatings

图7 Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层与碳钢的污垢沉积量对比

Fig.7 Comparison of fouling deposition between Ni-P-PTFE composite coating and carbon steel

图8 PTFE的浓度对镀层表面能的影响

Fig.8 Effect of PTFE concentration on surface energy of coatings

图9 不同表面能（PTFE浓度）下Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层的污垢沉积量

Fig.9 Fouling deposition of Ni-P-PTFE composite coatings under different surface energy (PTFE concentration)

图10 流动条件下不同PTFE浓度下复合镀层表面的污垢沉积量

Fig.10 Fouling deposition on the surface of composite coatings under different PTFE concentrations under flow conditions

图11 不同表面能下Ni-P-PTFE复合镀层的污垢沉积量

Fig.11 Fouling deposition of Ni-P-PTFE composite coatings under different surface energy

表6 TiO2（40 nm）表面能

Table 6 Surface energy of TiO2（40 nm）

$γ S L W$ /(mJ/m²)	$γ S +$ /(mJ/m²)	$γ S -$ /(mJ/m²)	$γ S$ /(mJ/m²)
31.73	0.08	35.14	35.08

表6 TiO2（40 nm）表面能

Table 6 Surface energy of TiO2（40 nm）

$γ S L W$ /(mJ/m²)	$γ S +$ /(mJ/m²)	$γ S -$ /(mJ/m²)	$γ S$ /(mJ/m²)
31.73	0.08	35.14	35.08

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