液体介质对上升气泡几何形态和运动特征的影响

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230642

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用高速摄像技术观测了不同液体介质（去离子水、离子水、5#白油和水-白油溶液）中气泡的上升行为。采用了三种不同直径的注气喷嘴。对比分析了气泡在不同工况条件下的上升速度、当量直径、纵横比和曳力系数。结果表明，气泡在不同的单一介质中的上升轨迹及运动特征不同，介质的黏度和表面张力均对气泡的形状和尺寸有着重要影响。此外，观测并分析了气泡穿过水-白油界面的行为，发现当气泡离开界面较远时，其运动形态与在单一介质中相似；气泡穿过界面时被液膜包覆，然后液膜自气泡表面脱离。小尺寸气泡在单一油中和穿过水-白油界面后的几何形态和运动特征相似，而大尺寸气泡在穿过水-白油界面后呈现曲折的运动轨迹，其纵横比发生明显变化。

关键词: 气泡, 气液两相流, 水-白油界面, 可视化, 液膜

Abstract:

The rising behavior of bubbles in different liquid media (deionized water, ionized water, 5# white oil and water-white oil solution) was observed by using high-speed photography. Three air-injection nozzles with different outlet diameters were employed. A comprehensive comparison of the rising velocity, equivalent diameter, aspect ratio, and drag coefficient of bubbles obtained under different operating conditions was implemented. The results demonstrated that the trajectory and kinetic characteristics of the bubble varied considerably in different single mediums. The viscosity and surface tension of the medium exerted a significant effect on shape and size of the bubble. Additionally, behavior of the bubble passing through the water-white oil interface was investigated. It was observed that when the bubble was away from the interface, its motion resembled that observed in corresponding single medium. However, when the bubble crossed the interface, it was enveloped by a liquid film, which subsequently detached from the bubble. After passing through the water-white oil interface, small-sized bubbles exhibited the geometric and kinetic characteristics similar to those in single white oil. In contrast, large-sized bubbles were characterized by a zigzag trajectory after passing through the water-white oil interface. Meanwhile, the bubble aspect ratio varied considerably.

Key words: bubble, gas-liquid flow, water-white oil interface, visualization, liquid film

中图分类号:

TQ 021.1

徐生玮, 宋龙波, 康灿. 液体介质对上升气泡几何形态和运动特征的影响[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(10): 4140-4152.

Shengwei XU, Longbo SONG, Can KANG. Effects of liquid medium on geometric and kinetic characteristics of a rising bubble[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(10): 4140-4152.

图/表 21

图1 实验台主要部件

Fig.1 Main components of the test bench

图2 三种喷嘴体示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of three nozzle bodies

表1 主要实验设备及参数

Table 1 Main experimental equipment and parameters

设备名称	设备参数	用途
i-SPEED 3相机	最大帧率150000 fps	拍摄照片
相机镜头	Tokina AT-X PRO Macro 100 mm F/2.8D	聚焦
LED光源	最大功率151 W	照亮流场
水箱	15 cm×15 cm×50 cm；亚克力材质	透光容器
LSP01-1A型注射泵	流量范围0.831~54.155 ml/min	泵入稳定气流

表2 25℃去离子水、离子水和白油的物理性质

Table 2 Physical properties of deionized water， ionized water， and white oil at 25℃

液体介质	ρ/(kg/m³)	μ/(mPa·s)	σ/(N/m)
去离子水	997.2	1.003	0.0725
20 g/L的CaCl₂溶液	1106.4	1.39	0.0721
5#白油	817.7	5.127	0.0373

图3 气泡图像处理步骤

Fig.3 Steps for bubble image processing

图4 气泡在不同工况下的运动轨迹(a) Dn=2.0 mm, 去离子水；(b) Dn=3.0 mm, 去离子水；(c) Dn=4.0 mm, 去离子水；(d) Dn=2.0 mm, 离子水；(e) Dn=3.0 mm, 离子水；(f) Dn=4.0 mm, 离子水；(g) Dn=2.0 mm, 5#白油；(h) Dn=3.0 mm, 5#白油；(i) Dn=4.0 mm, 5#白油

Fig.4 Trajectory of bubbles under different operating conditions(a) Dn= 2.0 mm, deionized water; (b) Dn= 3.0 mm, deionized water; (c) Dn= 4.0 mm, deionized water; (d) Dn= 2.0 mm, ionized water; (e) Dn= 3.0 mm, ionized water; (f) Dn= 4.0 mm, ionized water; (g) Dn= 2.0 mm, white oil; (h) Dn= 3.0 mm, white oil; (i) Dn=4.0 mm, white oil

图5 气泡在三种液体介质中的速度变化

Fig.5 Variation of bubble velocity in three liquid mediums

图6 气泡在三种介质中上升时的水平速度

Fig.6 Horizontal velocity of bubble in three liquid mediums

图7 气泡在三种介质中上升时当量直径的变化

Fig.7 Variation of equivalent diameter of bubbles rising in different liquid mediums

表3 不同液体介质和不同喷嘴直径条件下气泡的当量直径

Table 3 Equivalent bubble diameter for different liquid mediums and nozzle diameters

液体介质	D_n/mm	D_emin/mm	D_emax/mm
去离子水	2.0	3.55	4.38
	3.0	3.08	4.95
	4.0	3.53	5.47
离子水	2.0	2.58	4.00
	3.0	2.89	4.47
	4.0	3.72	5.57
5#白油	2.0	2.84	3.03
	3.0	3.51	3.96
	4.0	3.53	4.11

图8 气泡纵横比随气泡上升的变化

Fig.8 Variation of bubble aspect ratio during the process of bubble rising

图9 曳力系数随Reynolds数的变化

Fig.9 Variation of drag coefficient with Reynolds number

图10 Dn=2.0 mm时不同液体中气泡运动轨迹

Fig.10 Bubble trajectory in different liquid mediums atDn= 2.0 mm

图11 气泡上升时的速度变化

Fig.11 Variation of velocity of rising bubbles

图12 气泡上升过程中当量直径的变化

Fig.12 Variation of equivalent diameter of rising bubbles

图13 气泡穿过水-白油界面时的行为 (Dn=3.0 mm)

Fig.13 Behavior of the bubble passing through water-white oil interface (Dn=3.0 mm)

图14 液膜自气泡脱离的过程 (Dn=3.0 mm)

Fig.14 Process of liquid film shedding from the bubble (Dn=3.0 mm)

图15 气泡穿越水-白油界面时的行为 (Dn=2.0 mm)

Fig.15 Behavior of the bubble passing through water-white oil interface (Dn=2.0 mm)

图16 液膜自气泡脱离的过程 (Dn=2.0 mm)

Fig.16 Process of liquid film shedding from the bubble (Dn=2.0 mm)

图17 气泡穿过水-白油界面时的行为 (Dn=4.0 mm)

Fig.17 Behavior of the bubble passing through water-oil interface (Dn=4.0 mm)

图18 液膜自气泡脱离的过程 (Dn=4.0 mm)

Fig.18 Process of liquid film shedding from the bubble (Dn=4.0 mm)

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