缠绕管式换热器全模型研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230861

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

缠绕管式换热器由于结构紧凑、换热效率高，在化工领域有广泛的应用，但其复杂性也为研究带来困难。利用mixture模型和相变模型构建了全三维尺度下的数值方法，实现了缠绕管式换热器壳程和管程流动、传热过程的计算。搭建了米级换热器实验及测试平台，建立了相应的全三维、同尺寸数值模型；采用Lee相间传质模型，实现了蒸发-冷凝模拟，获得换热器器件尺度传热系数和相变总量。计算的传热系数与实验测量值的相对误差为4.98%。基于所构建的全模型，数值研究了操作条件对传热特性和相变的影响，分析了换热段长度和缠绕管层数对传热性能的影响，为缠绕管式换热器的设计开发提供了数据和平台支持。

关键词: 缠绕管式换热器, 整体几何模型, 相变, 传热, 数值模拟

Abstract:

Spiral wound tube heat exchangers (SWHE) are widely used in the chemical industry due to their compact structure and high heat transfer efficiency. However, their complexity also brings difficulties to research. In this article, a three-dimensional numerical model of SWHE is established by the mixture model and phase transition model to investigate flow and heat transfer characteristics in both shell side and tube side. To achieve this goal, an overall geometric model with the same size as the experimental equipment is constructed. Then, a whole physical model of the phase-change heat transfer process is developed by employing the mixture model and interface mass transfer model. The proposed model is validated by the experimental data. The validation results show that the simulation data can agree with the experimental data with a deviation of 4.98%. The influences of operating conditions on heat transfer characteristics and phase change are investigated by using this model. The effects of the heat exchanger length and the number of layers are also analyzed. The paper provides numerical methods and data for the design purpose of SWHE.

Key words: spiral wound heat exchanger, overall geometric model, phase change, heat transfer, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TQ 021.1

李佳旭, 怀英, 刘婷婷, 刘应春. 缠绕管式换热器全模型研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(12): 4820-4828.

Jiaxu LI, Ying HUAI, Tingting LIU, Yingchun LIU. Study on the full model of spiral wound heat exchanger[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(12): 4820-4828.

图/表 17

图1 缠绕管式换热器设备

Fig.1 Equipment of the spiral wound heat exchanger

图2 缠绕管式换热器几何模型

Fig.2 Geometric model of the spiral wound heat exchanger

图3 缠绕管式换热器剖面

Fig.3 Profile of the spiral wound heat exchanger

表1 缠绕管式换热器详细结构参数

Table 1 Structural parameter of the spiral wound heat exchanger

层数	$R$ /mm	$θ$ /(°)	N
1	37.5	14.3	4
2	51.0	15.7	6
3	64.5	14.5	7
4	78.0	15.4	9
5	91.5	14.6	10
6	105.0	15.3	12

表1 缠绕管式换热器详细结构参数

Table 1 Structural parameter of the spiral wound heat exchanger

层数	$R$ /mm	$θ$ /(°)	N
1	37.5	14.3	4
2	51.0	15.7	6
3	64.5	14.5	7
4	78.0	15.4	9
5	91.5	14.6	10
6	105.0	15.3	12

图4 缠绕管式换热器的整体几何网格

Fig.4 Whole geometric grids of the spiral wound heat exchanger

图5 缠绕管式换热器实验装置

Fig.5 Experimental apparatus for the spiral wound heat exchanger

表2 参数的不确定性

Table 2 Uncertainties of parameters

参数	仪器	不确定度
测量参数
缠绕管长l	米尺	± 0.5 mm
缠绕管外径 $D t$	游标卡尺	±0.02 mm
所有温度 $T$	温度传感器	± 0.01℃
空气流量 $m$	蒸汽流量计	±0.01 m³·h^-1
水滴流量	电磁流量计	±0.01 m³·h^-1
计算参数
换热量 $Q$		0.00135%
有效传热面积 $A$		0.25%
对数平均温差 $∆ T m$		0.00223%
总传热系数 $h$		0.25%

表2 参数的不确定性

Table 2 Uncertainties of parameters

参数	仪器	不确定度
测量参数
缠绕管长l	米尺	± 0.5 mm
缠绕管外径 $D t$	游标卡尺	±0.02 mm
所有温度 $T$	温度传感器	± 0.01℃
空气流量 $m$	蒸汽流量计	±0.01 m³·h^-1
水滴流量	电磁流量计	±0.01 m³·h^-1
计算参数
换热量 $Q$		0.00135%
有效传热面积 $A$		0.25%
对数平均温差 $∆ T m$		0.00223%
总传热系数 $h$		0.25%

图6 实验与模拟的壳程绝对温差

Fig.6 Absolute temperature difference in shell side between the experimental and simulated values

图7 换热器温度变化

Fig.7 Temperature variation of spiral wound heat exchanger

图8 壳程液相体积分数分布

Fig.8 Volume fraction distributions of liquid phase in shell side

图9 不同Reynolds数下的壳程液相体积分数

Fig.9 Volume fraction distributions of liquid phase in shell side with different Reynolds number

图10 不同Reynolds数下的传热系数

Fig.10 Influence of Reynolds number on heat transfer coefficient

图11 不同Reynolds数下的对数平均温差

Fig.11 Influence of Reynolds number on logarithmic mean temperature difference

图12 沿换热长度方向的换热量

Fig.12 Heat transfer amount along the heat exchange length

图13 沿换热长度方向的表面传热系数

Fig.13 Surface heat transfer coefficient along the heat exchange length

图14 不同绕管层数的换热量

Fig.14 Heat transfer amount with different winding layers

图15 不同绕管层数的表面传热系数（L/H=0.3）

Fig.15 Surface heat transfer coefficient with different winding layers at L/H=0.3 cross-section

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