纳米相变微胶囊在蓄热结构化填充床中的应用模拟

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230888

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

利用相变材料的潜热储能，是解决可再生能源不连续问题的有效途径之一。以钛酸四丁酯（TBT）为前体，采用界面水解-缩聚法制备了纳米相变微胶囊。纳米相变微胶囊的热导率提高到原材料的215%，约为0.43 W/（m·K），相变温度为42.4℃，相变潜热达到234.7 J/g，纳米相变微胶囊强化了相变材料的传热性能蓄热，适用于太阳能热水系统。建立了三维计算模型，利用Fluent软件对填充床进行了数值模拟，研究了顺排结构（SS）和叉排结构（CS）填充床的蓄/放热性能。分析了两种结构化填充床在不同流速下，液相率、温度场和蓄/放热功率的变化情况。结果表明，随着流速的增大，SS和CS的熔化/凝固速率均加快。在相同流速下，CS比SS熔化/凝固更快。SS和CS在不同的阶段升温速率不同，与SS相比，CS的温度变化更加均匀。在较低流速（2 L/min）下，SS和CS蓄/放热持续时间较长，变化较小。在不同的流速（2、4和6 L/min）下，CS的峰值蓄热功率是SS的1.7倍~1.9倍，峰值放热功率是SS的1.8倍~2.0倍。

关键词: 相变, 纳米相变微胶囊, 填充床, 数值模拟, 顺排结构, 叉排结构, 蓄/放热性能

Abstract:

Latent heat thermal energy storage using phase change materials is an effective approach to address the intermittency issues of renewable energy sources. Nano-scale phase change microcapsules were prepared by interfacial hydrolysis condensation method using tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) as the precursor. The average thermal conductivity is enhanced to 215%, reaching approximately 0.43 W/(m·K). The phase change temperature is found to be 42.4℃. The latent heat of nano-encapsulated phase change materials is about 234.7 J/g. The nano-scale phase change microcapsules improved heat transfer performance and are suitable for heat storage of solar thermal water heating systems. A three-dimensional computational model was established, and numerical simulations were conducted on the packed bed using Fluent software to study the heat storage/release performance of the sequential structure (SS) and cross compound structure (CS) packed bed. The analysis focused on examining the variations in liquid fraction, temperature distribution, and thermal storage/release power for both SS and CS under different flow rate. The results show that the melting/solidification rates increase with increasing flow rate. At the same flow rate, CS exhibited faster melting/solidification compared to SS. The temperature variation of CS was more uniform than that of SS at different stages. At lower flow rate (2 L/min), both SS and CS exhibit longer and more stable periods of thermal storage/release. Under different flow rate (2, 4, and 6 L/min), the peak thermal storage power of CS is 1.7—1.9 times that of SS, and peak thermal release power is 1.8—2.0 times that of SS.

Key words: phase change, nano-scale phase change microcapsule, packed bed, numerical simulation, sequential structure, cross compound structure, thermal storage/release performance

中图分类号:

TK 02

黄志国, 孙志高. 纳米相变微胶囊在蓄热结构化填充床中的应用模拟[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(10): 4109-4128.

Zhiguo HUANG, Zhigao SUN. Simulation of the application of nano-scale phase change microcapsules for thermal storage in structured packed bed[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(10): 4109-4128.

图/表 18

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原料及试剂	化学式/缩写	规格	生产厂家
正二十二烷	C₂₂H₄₆/n-docosane	AR, 纯度≥98.0%	Aladdin
钛酸四丁酯	C₁₆H₃₆O₄Ti/ TBT	AR, 纯度≥99.0%	Aladdin
无水乙醇	C₂H₅OH	AR, 纯度≥99.7%	上海联试化工试剂有限公司
去离子水	H₂O	—	实验室自制
盐酸	HCl	AR, 含量36.0%~38.0%	永华化学科技有限公司
十二烷基硫酸钠	C₁₂H₂₅SO₄Na/SDS	AR, 纯度≥98.0%	Aladdin

原料及试剂	化学式/缩写	规格	生产厂家
正二十二烷	C₂₂H₄₆/n-docosane	AR, 纯度≥98.0%	Aladdin
钛酸四丁酯	C₁₆H₃₆O₄Ti/ TBT	AR, 纯度≥99.0%	Aladdin
无水乙醇	C₂H₅OH	AR, 纯度≥99.7%	上海联试化工试剂有限公司
去离子水	H₂O	—	实验室自制
盐酸	HCl	AR, 含量36.0%~38.0%	永华化学科技有限公司
十二烷基硫酸钠	C₁₂H₂₅SO₄Na/SDS	AR, 纯度≥98.0%	Aladdin

名称	型号	性能参数	厂家
生物显微镜	XSP-BM-3C	放大倍数40×~1600×	上海彼爱姆光学仪器制造有限公司
赛多利斯电子天平	BSA224S	±0.01 mg， 0~220 g	德国赛多利斯有限公司
数控超声波清洗器	KQ100DE	加热温度10~80℃	昆山市超声仪器有限公司
均质乳化机	XFJ300-S	100~20000 r/min	上海标本模型厂
电动搅拌器	JJ-1	0~2000 r/min	常州市西城新瑞仪器厂
微电热恒温水槽	THD-2015	±0.1℃， -20~99℃	宁波天恒仪器厂
循环水真空泵	SHZ-D(Ⅲ) ABS	-0.1~0 MPa	上海力辰邦西仪器有限公司
鼓风干燥箱	DHG-9070A	加热温度10~100℃	上海精宏实验设备有限公司
差示扫描量热仪	NETZSCH DSC 200F3	精度±0.05℃， -180~+725 ℃	德国耐驰仪器制造有限公司
扫描电子显微镜	Hitachi Regulus8100	放大倍数20×~1000000×	日立公司
傅里叶红外光谱分析仪	Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS20	分辨率4 cm^-1， 400~4000 cm^-1	美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司
热导率测定仪	DRE-Ⅲ	0.001~100 W/(m·K)	湘潭湘仪仪器有限公司
旋转黏度计	NDJ-79	1~1×10⁶ mPa·s	上海昌吉地质仪器有限公司
高低温试验箱	BPHJ-500B	控制范围：-40℃~120℃	上海一恒科学仪器有限公司

名称	型号	性能参数	厂家
生物显微镜	XSP-BM-3C	放大倍数40×~1600×	上海彼爱姆光学仪器制造有限公司
赛多利斯电子天平	BSA224S	±0.01 mg， 0~220 g	德国赛多利斯有限公司
数控超声波清洗器	KQ100DE	加热温度10~80℃	昆山市超声仪器有限公司
均质乳化机	XFJ300-S	100~20000 r/min	上海标本模型厂
电动搅拌器	JJ-1	0~2000 r/min	常州市西城新瑞仪器厂
微电热恒温水槽	THD-2015	±0.1℃， -20~99℃	宁波天恒仪器厂
循环水真空泵	SHZ-D(Ⅲ) ABS	-0.1~0 MPa	上海力辰邦西仪器有限公司
鼓风干燥箱	DHG-9070A	加热温度10~100℃	上海精宏实验设备有限公司
差示扫描量热仪	NETZSCH DSC 200F3	精度±0.05℃， -180~+725 ℃	德国耐驰仪器制造有限公司
扫描电子显微镜	Hitachi Regulus8100	放大倍数20×~1000000×	日立公司
傅里叶红外光谱分析仪	Thermo Scientific Nicolet iS20	分辨率4 cm^-1， 400~4000 cm^-1	美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司
热导率测定仪	DRE-Ⅲ	0.001~100 W/(m·K)	湘潭湘仪仪器有限公司
旋转黏度计	NDJ-79	1~1×10⁶ mPa·s	上海昌吉地质仪器有限公司
高低温试验箱	BPHJ-500B	控制范围：-40℃~120℃	上海一恒科学仪器有限公司

流速/(L/min)	峰值蓄热功率/(W/m²)		峰值放热功率/(W/m²)
流速/(L/min)	SS	CS	SS	CS
2	196.2	335.7	-161.5	-285.2
4	366.1	664.4	-284.5	-551.4
6	513.9	967.7	-385.3	-787.0