旋流作用下水基炭黑纳米流体集热性能研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20230825

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

主动强化技术是提升集热器效率的有效手段。本研究利用管式有源强化集热装置，系统研究了旋流作用下辐照强度、纳米流体浓度、转子转速、转子数量及排布方式、转子颜色及类型等对水基炭黑纳米流体集热性能的影响。结果表明，光热转换效率随辐照强度的增加而显著增加；炭黑-胶原蛋白的加入使介质同时间段的全程光热转换效率提升了56.6%~216.7%，质量分数为0.005%的水基炭黑纳米流体光热转换效率最高的同时能效比也较高；转子转速在150 r/min时，全程光热转换效率最终提升了30.32%，继续提升转子转速不会增加纳米流体的集热效率；转子均匀排布时，将转子数量减少一半几乎不会影响集热效率；转子颜色及类型的搭配对不同浓度的纳米流体集热效率具有协同作用，黑色低流阻转子在纯水及高浓度纳米流体中集热效果较好，白色两叶片转子在中低浓度的纳米流体中集热效果较好。本研究明确了转子旋流下影响纳米流体集热性能的规律，为太阳能光热利用提供了新的思路。

关键词: 组合转子, 动态集热, 纳米粒子, 传热, 辐射

Abstract:

Active reinforcement technology is an effective means to improve the efficiency of heat collectors. This study systematically investigated the effects of irradiation intensity, nanofluid concentration, rotor speed, number and arrangement of rotors, rotor color and type on the heat collection performance of water-based carbon black nanofluids under the action of swirling flow using a tubular active enhanced heat collection device. The results show that the photothermal conversion efficiency significantly increases with the increase of irradiation intensity. The addition of carbon black collagen protein increased the full range photothermal conversion efficiency of the medium by 56.6% to 216.7% during the same time period. The water-based carbon black nanofluid with a mass fraction of 0.005% had the highest photothermal conversion efficiency and higher energy efficiency ratio. At a rotor speed of 150 r/min, the full range photothermal conversion efficiency ultimately increased by 30.32%, and further increasing the rotor speed will not increase the heat collection efficiency of the nanofluid. When the rotors are evenly arranged, reducing the number of rotors by half will hardly affect the heat collection efficiency. The combination of rotor color and type has a synergistic effect on the heat collection efficiency of different concentrations of nanoluids. Black low flow resistance rotors have better heat collection effects in pure water and high concentration nanofluids, while the two white blade rotors have better heat collection effects in medium and low concentration nanofluids. This study clarifies the rules that affect the heat collection performance of nanofluid under rotor swirling flow, and provides new ideas for solar photothermal utilization.

Key words: assembled rotors, dynamic heat collection, nanoparticles, heat transfer, radiation

中图分类号:

TK 512

于晓宇, 安瑛, 左夏华, 李凯, 张锋华, 焦志伟, 杨卫民. 旋流作用下水基炭黑纳米流体集热性能研究[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(10): 4097-4108.

Xiaoyu YU, Ying AN, Xiahua ZUO, Kai LI, Fenghua ZHANG, Zhiwei JIAO, Weimin YANG. Study on the heat collection performance of water-based carbon black nanofluid under swirling flow[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(10): 4097-4108.

图/表 18

图1 管式有源强化集热装置1—隔热泡沫块;2—铁架台;3—数据记录仪;4—直流永磁电机;5—数显测速控制仪;6—搅拌棒;7—试管塞;8—纳米流体;9—组合转子串;10—双层真空集热玻璃管;11—氙灯光源

Fig.1 Tubular active reinforced heat collector

表1 实验参数的误差范围

Table 1 Error range of experimental parameters

参数	误差
辐照强度	±1%
温度	±0.5%
纳米流体质量	±0.1%
管内集热面积	±0.25%
纳米流体比热容	±0.1%

表2 不同转子转速功率消耗

Table 2 Power consumption at different rotor speeds

转速/（r/min）	空转（不添加纳米流体）功率消耗/W	负荷运转（添加纳米流体）功率消耗/W
0	0	0
100	0.70	0.75
150	0.80	0.85
200	0.85	0.90
250	0.95	1.00

图2 水基炭黑纳米流体吸光度随时间变化

Fig.2 Time dependent absorbance curve of water-based carbon black nanofluid

图3 不同浓度水基炭黑纳米流体在190~1100 nm波长范围内的吸光度

Fig.3 The absorbance of water-based carbon black nanofluids with different concentrations in the wavelength range of 190—1100 nm

图4 两种转子串的结构示意图

Fig.4 Structure diagram of two types of rotor strings

图5 不同辐照强度下的温升及全程光热转换效率

Fig.5 Temperature rise and full range photothermal conversion efficiency under different irradiation intensities

图6 不同辐照强度下的能效比

Fig.6 Energy efficiency ratio under different irradiation intensities

图7 不同纳米流体浓度下的温升及全程光热转换效率

Fig.7 Temperature rise and full range photothermal conversion efficiency under different nanofluid concentrations

图8 不同纳米流体浓度下的能效比

Fig.8 Energy efficiency ratio at different nanofluid concentrations

图9 不同转子转速下的温升及全程光热转换效率

Fig.9 Temperature rise and full range photothermal conversion efficiency at different rotor speeds

图10 不同转子转速下的能效比

Fig.10 Energy efficiency ratio at different rotor speeds

图11 N0~N6七种排布方式示意图

Fig.11 Schematic diagram of seven layout methods for N0—N6

图12 不同转子数量及排布方式下的温升及全程光热转换效率

Fig.12 Temperature rise and full range photothermal conversion efficiency under different number and arrangement of rotors

图13 不同转子数量及排布方式下的能效比

Fig.13 Energy efficiency ratio under different number and arrangement of rotors

图14 不同类型转子在不同浓度纳米流体中的温升

Fig.14 Temperature rise of different types of rotors in different concentrations of nanofluids

图15 不同类型转子在不同浓度纳米流体中的全程光热转换效率

Fig.15 The full range photothermal conversion efficiency of different types of rotors in different concentrations of nanofluids

图16 不同类型转子在不同浓度纳米流体中的能效比

Fig.16 Energy efficiency ratio of different types of rotors in different concentrations of nanofluids

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