浮环密封端面分形磨损有限元模拟及试验验证

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20231150

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对浮环密封运行过程中高频浮动导致的密封端面磨损进而造成密封泄漏量增大的问题，建立基于分形理论的浮环密封端面分形磨损预估模型，采用ABAQUS中的UMESHMOTION子程序和ALE自适应网格技术对浮环密封端面磨损过程进行仿真模拟，通过修正的Archard磨损理论计算接触区域的磨损深度，开展浮环端面磨损的内在规律研究，并通过试验验证了有限元模型的准确性。进一步分析了浮环端面表面形貌及工况参数对磨损深度的影响，以期为浮环端面密封的设计及磨损防护提供指导。研究结果表明：浮环端面磨损深度随着分形维数D的增加而减小，但随着特征尺度G的增加而增大，当D $≤$ 1.65时，G的变化对磨损深度影响尤为显著；随着浮环端面载荷增加，其磨损深度呈现与分形维数D和特征尺度G增加有关的近似线性上升趋势；磨损循环次数的不同将形成各异的磨损深度分布，而随着循环次数的增加，石墨浮环的磨损深度逐渐上升，尤其在接触区边缘达到峰值，并在磨损区域两端出现明显的凹陷。

关键词: 浮环密封, 分形, 数值模拟, 磨损

Abstract:

To address the increased seal leakage caused by wear on the sealing end face due to the high-frequency fluctuations during the operation of floating ring seals, a fractal wear prediction model for the end face of the floating ring seal based on fractal theory was established. ABAQUS's UMESHMOTION subroutine and ALE adaptive grid technology were employed to simulate the wear process of the sealing end face. The wear depth in the contact area was calculated by using the modified Archard wear theory, and the intrinsic laws of wear on the floating ring end face were studied. The accuracy of the finite element model was validated experimentally. The research further analyzed the impact of surface morphology and operating conditions on wear depth, in order to guidance for the design and wear protection of the floating ring end face seals. The results show that the wear depth of the floating ring end face decreases with the increase of fractal dimension D but increases with the increase of characteristic scale G. When D≤1.65, the change of G has a particularly significant impact on wear depth. As the load on the floating ring end face increases, its wear depth shows an approximately linear upward trend related to the increase in fractal dimension D and characteristic scale G, especially when G value is larger. Different wear cycle times will result in different wear depth distributions, and as the cycle times increase, the wear depth of graphite floating rings gradually rises, especially reaching a peak at the edge of the contact area, and obvious dents appear at both ends of the wear area.

Key words: floating ring seal, fractals, numerical simulation, attrition

中图分类号:

TH 117.1

王旭辉, 丁雪兴, 力宁, 张志敏, 司佳鑫. 浮环密封端面分形磨损有限元模拟及试验验证[J]. 化工学报, 2023, 74(12): 4956-4967.

Xuhui WANG, Xuexing DING, Ning LI, Zhimin ZHANG, Jiaxin SI. Finite element analysis and experimental verification of fractal wear on floating ring seal end faces[J]. CIESC Journal, 2023, 74(12): 4956-4967.

图/表 17

图1 浮环密封结构示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of floating ring seal

表1 样件参数

Table 1 Sample parameters

样件参数	数值
M234AO密度ρ₁/(g/cm³)	1.8
GH4169密度ρ₂/(g/cm³)	8.24
M234AO硬度(HR10/1470)	80~125
GH4169硬度(HR10/1470)	363
M234AO弹性模量E₁/GPa	20.5
GH4169弹性模量E₂/GPa	199.9
M234AO泊松比ν₁	0.2
GH4169泊松比ν₂	0.3

图2 M234AO石墨磨损前表面轮廓曲线

Fig.2 M234AO graphite surface profile before wear

表2 M234AO石墨试验记录及磨损前分形参数计算

Table 2 M234AO graphite experiment record and fractal parameter calculation before wear

试验

组号

特征尺度

G/m

图3 SRV-Ⅳ微动摩擦磨损试验机

Fig.3 SRV-Ⅳ microkinetic friction and wear testing machine

图4 三组M234AO销件磨损前后的表面形貌

Fig.4 Surface morphology of three groups of M234AO pins before and after wear

图5 接触端面简化模型

Fig.5 Contact face simplification model

图6 浮环密封端面分形磨损有限元模型

Fig.6 Finite element model of fractal wear on end face of floating ring seal

图7 浮环密封端面有限元模型加载历程

Fig.7 Loading history of finite element model of end face of floating ring seal

图8 浮环密封端面磨损的模拟程序流程图

Fig.8 Flow chart of simulation program for end face wear of floating ring seal

图9 不同分形参数的有限元模型云图

Fig.9 The nephogram of finite element model with different fractal parameters

图10 接触压力和磨损深度对比

Fig.10 Contact pressure and wear depth comparison

图11 不同分形参数下的磨损深度

Fig.11 Wear depth under different fractal parameters

图12 不同的端面载荷和不同分形维数下的磨损深度

Fig.12 Wear depth under different end loads and different fractal dimensions

图13 不同的端面载荷和不同特征尺度下的磨损深度

Fig.13 Wear depth under different end loads and different characteristic scales

图14 不同循环次数下的磨损深度云图

Fig.14 The nephogram of wear depth under different cycles

图15 不同循环次数下的磨损深度变化

Fig.15 Change of wear depth under different cycles

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