苯/环己烷/环己烯萃取精馏过程的流程设计与节能

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20241076

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

环己烯是重要的化工原料，苯部分加氢法是生产环己烯的重要途径，其加氢产物中存在未转化的苯和副产物环己烷，精馏分离过程能耗巨大。以苯/环己烷/环己烯精馏过程的节能为研究对象，采用Aspen Plus模拟进行了工业四塔萃取精馏流程（FC）和三塔萃取精馏流程（TC）的优化设计和经济性对比，并确定TC流程为较优流程。在TC流程基础上，提出了热集成流程（TH）、热泵辅助热集成流程（THP）、隔壁塔-苯塔流程（EC1）、环己烷塔-隔壁塔流程（EC2）、热泵辅助隔壁塔-苯塔流程（EHP1）和热泵辅助环己烷塔-隔壁塔流程（EHP2）。结果表明，与三塔萃取精馏流程相比，改进流程相比于TC流程在TAC、能耗和CO₂排放量上均有不同程度的降低，其中EHP2流程的年度总成本、能耗和CO₂排放量分别降低了21.1%、32.6%和31.7%，是最佳的流程。

关键词: 精馏, 纯化, 分离, 模拟, 环己烯

Abstract:

Cyclohexene is an important chemical raw material, and the partial hydrogenation of benzene is a primary method of production. However, the process generates unconverted benzene and cyclohexane as a by-product. The distillation of cyclohexene consumes a lot of energy. This study explores the potential for energy savings in the distillation processes of benzene, cyclohexane, and cyclohexene. Aspen Plus simulation was employed to optimize and compare the economic viability of a four-column industrial extractive distillation process (FC) and a three-column extractive distillation process (TC), identifying the three-column process as more efficient. Based on the TC process, the heat integrated process (TH), heat pump assisted heat integrated process (THP), dividing wall tower-benzene tower process (EC1), cyclohexane tower-dividing wall tower process (EC2), heat pump assisted dividing wall tower-benzene tower process (EHP1) and heat pump assisted cyclohexane tower-dividing wall tower process (EHP2) were proposed. The results indicate that the heat pump-assisted cyclohexane column-dividing wall column process is the most optimal, achieving reductions in annual total cost, energy consumption, and CO₂ emissions by 21.1%, 32.6%, and 31.7%, respectively, compared to the three-column extractive distillation process.

Key words: distillation, purification, separation, simulation, cyclohexene

中图分类号:

TQ 028.4

杨林睿, 刘鉴漪, 李玲, 何永超, 郑凯天, 任建坡, 许春建. 苯/环己烷/环己烯萃取精馏过程的流程设计与节能[J]. 化工学报, 2025, 76(2): 731-743.

Linrui YANG, Jianyi LIU, Ling LI, Yongchao HE, Kaitian ZHENG, Jianpo REN, Chunjian XU. Process design and energy saving for benzene/cyclohexane/cyclohexene extractive distillation process[J]. CIESC Journal, 2025, 76(2): 731-743.

图/表 25

图1 101.325 kPa压力下苯/环己烷/环己烯的三元相图

Fig.1 Ternary diagram of benzene/cyclohexane/cyclohexene at 101.325 kPa

图2 NRTL预测值与实验数据对比

Fig.2 The predicted data by NRTL and the experimental data

表1 公用工程参数

Table 1 Utility parameters

项目	数值	单位
冷凝水，298~308 K	0.354	USD/GJ
低压蒸气，433.15 K	13.280	USD/GJ
中压蒸气，462.15 K	14.190	USD/GJ
电费	16.800	USD/GJ

图3 FC流程的优化框图

Fig.3 Block diagram of the optimization for FC

图4 FC流程的优化设计

Fig.4 Optimized design of FC

图5 TC流程的优化框图

Fig.5 Block diagram of the optimization for TC

图6 TC流程的优化设计

Fig.6 Optimized design of TC

图7 TC流程中C1塔的塔板温度分布

Fig.7 Temperature profile of C1 for TC

图8 TH流程的优化设计

Fig.8 Optimized design of TH

图9 TH流程中C1提馏段的塔板温度分布

Fig.9 Temperature profile of stripping section in C1 column for TH

图10 THP流程的优化设计

Fig.10 Optimized design of THP

图11 THP流程中C1的塔板温度分布

Fig.11 Temperature profile of stripping section in C1 column for THP

图12 隔壁塔模拟等效流程

Fig.12 Equivalent flowsheet for simulating the dividing wall column

图13 EC1流程的优化框图

Fig.13 Block diagram of the optimization for EC1

图14 EC1流程的优化设计

Fig.14 Optimized design of EC1

图15 EC2流程的优化框图

Fig.15 Block diagram of the optimization for EC2

图16 EC2流程的优化设计

Fig.16 Optimized design of EC2

图17 EC1流程中C1内环己烯精馏段和提馏段的塔板温度分布

Fig.17 Temperature profile of cyclohexene rectifying section and stripping section in C1 for EC1

图18 EHP1流程的优化设计

Fig.18 Optimized design of EHP1

图19 EHP1流程中C1公共提馏段的塔板温度分布

Fig.19 Temperature profile of stripping section in C1 for EHP1

图20 EHP2流程的优化设计

Fig.20 Optimized design of EHP2

图21 EHP2流程中C1塔提馏段的塔板温度分布

Fig.21 Temperature profile of stripping section in C1 for EHP2

图22 各流程TAC的比较

Fig.22 Comparison of TAC for processes

图23 各流程能耗的比较

Fig.23 Comparison of energy for processes

图24 各流程CO2排放量的比较

Fig.24 Comparison of CO2 emission for processes

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