带束层结构设计对全钢子午线轮胎硫化特性影响的研究

doi:10.11949/0438-1157.20251117

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

硫化工艺设计对橡胶制品的成型质量控制和生产节能减排尤为关键，而轮胎制品结构复杂，其整体传热特性和硫化效率会受到骨架结构设计的重要影响。本文基于有限元分析技术，提出对数型硫化动力学方程，并应用于模拟轮胎机内硫化和后硫化整个过程，进一步研究带束层结构设计对轮胎硫化热分布和硫化速率的影响规律。结果表明，对数型硫化动力学模型可以更精确的拟合橡胶硫化动力学行为；机内硫化时胎侧硫化速率最快，胎肩最慢，出模后轮胎后硫化效应明显，轮胎硫化程度从0.51提高到0.93；带束层钢帘线型号和排列间距对轮胎热分布和硫化程度影响较为明显，排列角度则影响不大。对不同带束层结构的轮胎硫化工艺进行等效，机内硫化时间最大相差5 min20 s。

关键词: 带束层结构, 橡胶硫化, 反应动力学, 轮胎工艺仿真

Abstract:

The design of vulcanization processes is crucial for controlling the molding quality and achieving energy savings and emissions reduction in rubber products. Tire products have a complex structure, and their overall heat transfer characteristics and vulcanization efficiency are significantly influenced by the design of the skeletal structure. Based on finite element analysis technology, this paper proposes a logarithmic-type vulcanization kinetic equation,which is applied to simulate the entire process of in-mold vulcanization and post-vulcanization of tires. Furthermore, the impact of the belt structure design on the heat distribution and vulcanization rate of tires is investigated. The results indicate that the logarithmic-type vulcanization kinetic model can more accurately fit the vulcanization kinetic behavior of rubber. During in-mold vulcanization, the vulcanization rate is the fastest at the tire side, while vulcanization rate is the slowest at the shoulder. After demolding, the post-vulcanization effect of the tire is significant, the vulcanization degree is increased from 0.51 to 0.93. The type and arrangement spacing of the belt steel cords have a notable impact on the tire's heat distribution and vulcanization degree, while the arrangement angle has less influence. The vulcanization processes of tires with different belt structures are equivalent, with a maximum difference of 5 minutes and 20 seconds in the in-mold vulcanization time.

Key words: belt structure, rubber vulcanization, reaction kinetics, tire processing simulation

中图分类号:

TQ 336.42

李文博, 王子强, 姚利丽, 谢小林, 张小杰, 安林. 带束层结构设计对全钢子午线轮胎硫化特性影响的研究[J]. 化工学报, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20251117.

Wenbo LI, Ziqiang WANG, Lili YAO, Xiaolin XIE, Xiaojie ZHANG, Lin AN. Research on the Effect of the Design of Belt Structure on Tire Vulcanization Characteristics[J]. CIESC Journal, DOI: 10.11949/0438-1157.20251117.

图/表 18

图1 全钢子午线轮胎截面示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the cross-section of all-steel radial tire

图2 轮胎工艺流程和对流换热系数

Fig.2 Plasma-induced pore-filling graft polymerization apparatus

表1 材料热物性参数

Table 1 Thermophysical parameters of material

材料类型	热导率/(W•(m•℃)^-1)	密度/(kg•m^-3)	比热容/(J•(kg•℃)^-1)
胎面胶	0.27	1250	1600
带束层挂胶	0.21	1200	1503
胎侧胶	0.25	1170	1690
三角胶	0.24	1320	1521
钢帘线	70	7810	540
钢丝圈	70	7810	540

表2 不同钢帘线型号和间距的带束层材料基本参数

Table 2 Basic parameters of strap layer materials for different steel cord types and spacings

间距/mm	V_f /%	V_m /%	k_Z /(W•(m•℃)^-1)	k_H /(W/(m•℃))	ρ_com /(kg•m^-3)	C_com /(J•(kg•℃)^-1)
1.0	37.8	62.2	26.59	0.464	3698.58	734.34
1.2	31.5	68.5	22.19	0.402	3282.15	781.18
1.4	27.0	73.0	19.05	0.365	2984.70	822.64
1.6	19.9	80.1	14.09	0.314	2515.06	908.06
型号
5*0.25	20.5	79.6	14.48	0.318	2551.75	900.26
2+7*0.22	28.5	71.5	20.11	0.377	3084.38	807.85
4*0.38	37.8	62.2	26.59	0.464	3698.58	734.34
5*0.38	47.3	52.7	33.19	0.584	4323.75	680.96

图3 不同温度橡胶归一化硫化曲线

Fig.3 Normalized vulcanization curves of rubber at different temperatures

图4 橡胶的DSC放热曲线

Fig.4 DSC heat release curve of rubber

表3 硫化反应动力学模型参数

Table 3 Kinetic model parameters of the vulcanization reaction

模型	K/(s^-1)	E/(J•mol^-1)	a	b	c	m	n
自催化模型	8.2236×10¹⁰	1.0758×10⁵	/	/	/	0.6248	1.3649
多项式模型	1.0059×10¹¹	1.1197×10⁵	4.0485×10^-6	2.4896×10^-3	0.8262	/	/
正切模型	3.8816×10¹¹	1.1695×10⁵	2.0192	-1.6790	-0.3403	/	/
对数模型	7.2645×10¹¹	1.1901×10⁵	2.5985	-19.6143	-2.5235	/	/

图5 不同模型在170 ℃时的拟合数据和实验数据对比

Fig.5 Comparison of fitted data and experimental data of different models at 170 ℃

图6 不同硫化动力学模型拟合数据与实验数据对比

Fig.6 Comparison of fitted data from different vulcanization kinetic models with experimental data

图7 轮胎硫化温度云图

Fig.7 Tire vulcanization temperature nephogram

图8 轮胎硫化程度云图

Fig.8 Tire vulcanization degree nephogram

图9 基础方案升降温曲线和硫化曲线

Fig.9 Heating and cooling curves and vulcanization curves of the basic scheme

图11 基础方案带束层取点路径升降温曲线

Fig.10 Temperature rise and fall curves along the bundle layer point path of the basic scheme

图11 不同结构带束层机内硫化结束温度分布曲线注:(a)不同型号 (b)不同排列间距 (c)不同排列角度

Fig.11 Temperature distribution curves of vulcanization completion in the machine for belt layers with different structures

图12 不同结构带束层机外降温结束温度分布曲线注:(a) 不同型号 (b)不同排列间距 (c)不同排列角度

Fig.12 Temperature distribution curves at the end of external cooling for different structural belt layers

图13 不同结构带束层对胎肩部位升降温曲线影响注:(a)不同型号 (b)不同排列间距 (c)不同排列角度

Fig.13 Effect of belt layers with different structures on temperature rise and fall curves at the tire shoulder

图14 不同结构带束层对胎肩部位硫化程度的影响注:(a)不同型号 (b)不同排列间距 (c)不同排列角度

Fig.14 The effect of belt layers with different structures on the vulcanization degree of the tire shoulder

图15 5*0.25带束层轮胎等效硫化工艺曲线

Fig.15 Tire equivalent vulcanization process curve for 5*0.25 belt layer

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